Ilmoniemi R J, Ruohonen J, Karhu J
BioMag Laboratory, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1999;27(3-5):241-84.
Recent progress in the theory and technology of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is leading to novel approaches in brain mapping. TMS becomes a powerful functional brain mapping tool when other imaging methods are used to record TMS-evoked activity or when peripheral effects are observed as a function of stimulus location. TMS-evoked activity currently can be recorded by EEG, PET, and fMRI. In addition to providing indices of cortical excitability, these methods allow one to study brain connectivity directly, without the need for behavioral activations. When the coordinate systems in the different imaging modalities are combined, anatomical structures seen in MRI and activation sites determined by PET, fMRI, or MEG/EEG can be used for the selection of target areas in the brain. PET and fMRI can be used to map the spatial distribution of TMS-evoked activity. On the other hand, the combination of TMS and high-resolution EEG may often be the method of choice for basic neuroscience and for clinical diagnosis, for example, in the assessment of brain connectivity in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases or head injuries.
经颅磁刺激（TMS）理论与技术的最新进展正引领着脑图谱绘制的新方法。当使用其他成像方法记录TMS诱发的活动，或者将外周效应作为刺激位置的函数进行观察时，TMS就成为一种强大的功能性脑图谱绘制工具。目前，TMS诱发的活动可通过脑电图（EEG）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）进行记录。除了提供皮质兴奋性指标外，这些方法还使人们能够直接研究脑连接性，而无需行为激活。当将不同成像模态的坐标系结合起来时，磁共振成像（MRI）中看到的解剖结构以及由PET、fMRI或脑磁图/脑电图（MEG/EEG）确定的激活位点可用于选择脑内的目标区域。PET和fMRI可用于绘制TMS诱发活动的空间分布。另一方面，TMS与高分辨率EEG的结合通常可能是基础神经科学和临床诊断的首选方法，例如，在评估患有神经退行性疾病或头部损伤的患者的脑连接性时。
