Michel K, Ballinari P, Bille-Brahe U, Bjerke T, Crepet P, De Leo D, Haring C, Hawton K, Kerkhof A, Lönnqvist J, Querejeta I, Salander-Renberg E, Schmidtke A, Temesvary B, Wasserman D
Outpatient Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2000 Apr;35(4):156-63. doi: 10.1007/s001270050198.
National suicide statistics show remarkable differences in the frequencies of various methods used for completed suicide. The WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide makes possible for the first time an international comparison of the frequencies of methods used in attempted suicide, because the data are based on geographical catchment areas of medical institutions.
Ongoing standardized monitoring of attempted suicide in all medical institutions serving the catchment areas was performed in 14 centres in 12 European countries. The data analysis is based on 20,649 events involving 15,530 persons, recorded between 1989 and 1993.
The comparison of rates per 100,000 shows striking differences between the centres. The highest rates for drug overdoses were found for female attempters in Oxford (347/100,000), Helsinki (238/100,000) and Stockholm (221/100,000). Guipuzcoa had the lowest rates (61/100,000). The differences were most prominent in the age group 15-24, with outstanding rates for women in Oxford (653/100,000), which was mainly due to the frequent use of analgesics. Szeged had outstandingly high rates for pesticides and solvents. In some centres the use of multiple methods was frequent.
There is a need, especially for areas with high frequencies for certain methods, to understand the factors involved and to develop new and specific prevention projects and to monitor their effects. The WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide has proved to be a useful and reliable instrument for continuous monitoring of trends in parasuicide.
国家自杀统计数据显示，各种完成自杀的方法在使用频率上存在显著差异。世界卫生组织/欧洲区域办事处关于蓄意自伤的多中心研究首次实现了对自杀未遂所使用方法频率的国际比较，因为数据基于医疗机构的地理服务区域。
在12个欧洲国家的14个中心，对服务于各区域的所有医疗机构中正在进行的自杀未遂标准化监测。数据分析基于1989年至1993年期间记录的涉及15530人的20649起事件。
每10万人的发生率比较显示各中心之间存在显著差异。牛津的女性自杀未遂者药物过量发生率最高（347/10万），赫尔辛基（238/10万）和斯德哥尔摩（221/10万）。吉普斯夸的发生率最低（61/10万）。差异在15 - 24岁年龄组最为突出，牛津的女性发生率极高（653/10万），这主要是由于频繁使用镇痛药。塞格德农药和溶剂的使用率极高。在一些中心，多种方法的使用很常见。
尤其对于某些方法发生率高的地区，有必要了解其中涉及的因素，制定新的特定预防项目并监测其效果。世界卫生组织/欧洲区域办事处关于蓄意自伤的多中心研究已被证明是持续监测蓄意自伤趋势的有用且可靠工具。
