Legg S J, Mackie H W
Department of Management Systems, Massey University.
J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci. 2000 Mar;19(2):83-92. doi: 10.2114/jpa.19.83.
The objective of this study was to examine the change in knowledge and use of sport science in 46 elite New Zealand Olympic class dinghy sailors' one year after the adoption of a sport science support (SSS) programme by Yachting New Zealand. Twenty eight (22 males, six females) sailors responded to a questionnaire which was administered during a training camp in April 1994 and 28 (also 22 males and six females) responded to the same questionnaire at a training camp in April 1995. Ten of the sailors responded in both 1994 and 1995. The questionnaire asked whether or not the sailors used a training race diary and inquired about their knowledge and use of sport science in the areas of nutrition, psychology and physical conditioning. In 1995, additional questions enquired about sailors' perception of sport science and its affect on their racing performance. In the intervening year, six of the sailors received sport science support (SSS) in nutrition; eleven received SSS in sport psychology; eleven received SSS in physical conditioning. In 1995, the sailors reported a greater amount of fluid taken and drunk on a four-hour sail and a greater proportion of sailors ate a high carbohydrate meal after a race. They also reported feeling less anxiety before a race. Increases were also observed in the sailors' volume and intensity of physical training and in their chosen type of aerobic training. Most sailors believed that their knowledge and use of sport science had increased and that this had led to improvements in racing performance. It is concluded that elite New Zealand sailors' reported use of sport science improved in the areas of physical conditioning and nutrition between 1994 and 1995. Improvement in the use of sports psychology was less clear and the eleven sailors who received psychology SSS reported feeling more anxious before a race. There was little evidence to suggest that the sport science programme was responsible for the improvements. This study indicates that sailors are beginning to understand the importance of sport science support, but there is still much room for improvement in their use of sport science.
本研究的目的是调查在新西兰帆船运动协会采用运动科学支持（SSS）计划一年后，46名新西兰精英奥运级帆船运动员在运动科学知识和运用方面的变化。28名（22名男性，6名女性）运动员回答了一份于1994年4月在训练营期间发放的问卷，另外28名（同样是22名男性和6名女性）运动员在1995年4月的训练营中回答了相同的问卷。其中10名运动员在1994年和1995年都进行了回答。问卷询问了运动员是否使用训练比赛日记，并调查了他们在营养、心理和体能训练等领域的运动科学知识及运用情况。1995年，额外的问题询问了运动员对运动科学的认知及其对比赛成绩的影响。在这一年间，6名运动员获得了营养方面的运动科学支持（SSS）；11名获得了运动心理学方面的SSS；11名获得了体能训练方面的SSS。1995年，运动员报告称在四小时航行中摄入和饮用的液体量增加，且赛后吃高碳水化合物餐的运动员比例更高。他们还报告说赛前焦虑感减轻。运动员的体能训练量和强度以及他们选择的有氧训练类型也有所增加。大多数运动员认为他们对运动科学的知识和运用有所增加，且这带来了比赛成绩的提高。研究得出结论，1994年至1995年间，新西兰精英帆船运动员在体能训练和营养方面报告的运动科学运用有所改善。运动心理学运用方面的改善不太明显，11名接受心理学SSS的运动员报告称赛前感到更焦虑。几乎没有证据表明运动科学计划是这些改善的原因。这项研究表明，帆船运动员开始理解运动科学支持的重要性，但他们在运动科学运用方面仍有很大的改进空间。
