Halbig P, Hodjati M H, Mazloumi-Gavgani A S, Mohite H, Davies C R
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Jun;14(2):223-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00229.x.
In many foci of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), domestic dogs are important reservoir hosts of the causative Leishmania parasites transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). We tested the protective value of impregnated dog collars (20 g plastic containing deltamethrin 800 mg ai) against Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) sandflies in Iran. For each assay, the dog was sedated and caged in a net with 70-100 wild-caught sandflies overnight (23.30-06.30 hours). Dogs wearing the collars were bitten by approximately 80% fewer sandflies than before collars were fitted, i.e. 51% vs. 11% of hungry female flies exposed. Sandfly mortality rates following 20 h exposure to dogs with collars (18%) or without collars (17%) were not significantly different. Effects of collars were tested when dogs had been wearing them for 8 days. A previous trial against the sandfly P. perniciosus Newstead in France, using smaller dogs, showed that effects of such collars were not fully realized until they had been worn for 2 weeks or more; they remained effective for at least 8 months and killed significant proportions of the sandflies exposed. Present results with P. papatasi, confirming that this simple device provides effective protection against sandflies, are considered sufficiently encouraging to justify a community-wide field trial of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars against ZVL vector sandflies in Iran.
在许多人兽共患内脏利什曼病（ZVL）疫源地，家犬是由白蛉（双翅目：毛蠓科）传播的致病利什曼原虫的重要储存宿主。我们测试了含药狗项圈（20克含800毫克有效成分溴氰菊酯的塑料）对伊朗的巴氏白蛉（Scopoli）的防护价值。每次试验时，将狗麻醉后关在一个网笼里，与70 - 100只野外捕获的白蛉一起过夜（23:3至06:30）。佩戴项圈的狗被叮咬的白蛉比佩戴项圈前减少了约80%，即暴露的饥饿雌蛉中被叮咬的比例从51%降至11%。暴露于佩戴项圈或未佩戴项圈的狗20小时后的白蛉死亡率（分别为18%和17%）无显著差异。在狗佩戴项圈8天后测试了项圈的效果。此前在法国针对小家犬进行的一项针对有害白蛉（Newstead）的试验表明，此类项圈的效果直到佩戴2周或更长时间后才完全显现；它们至少在8个月内保持有效，并杀死了很大比例的暴露白蛉。目前针对巴氏白蛉的结果证实了这种简单装置能有效防白蛉，这被认为足以令人鼓舞，从而有理由在伊朗针对ZVL传播媒介白蛉开展一项在全社区范围内对溴氰菊酯浸渍狗项圈进行的现场试验。
