Metsch L R, McCoy C B, Miller M, McAnany H, Pereyra M
J Public Health Policy. 1999;20(1):36-55.
Substance abuse and welfare reform are among the nation's highest priorities, and research that examines linkages between the two is of extreme importance to both government policy and the community. Welfare reform will have serious implications for substance abusers as well as for the various professionals who treat them and work to move their clients into functional recovery and self-sufficiency. Within the context of welfare reform and the special needs of substance-abusing populations, the present study examines current welfare status, work status, and barriers and facilitators to gaining and maintaining employment among 100 low income women who participated in a long-term residential substance-abuse treatment program in Miami, Florida. Participants completed a face-to-face interview to assess a detailed employment history and current sources of income as well as the Addiction Severity Index. Results indicate that completers of the treatment program were more likely to be working post-discharge than non-completers. Similarly, the longer the length of stay in the program, the more likely the client was to be working post-discharge. Multivariate analysis indicates a high-school education, participation in the treatment center's aftercare program, and treatment duration of more than one year were independently related to work status. These data suggest that as welfare reform becomes a reality, continuing support of various types, particularly drug treatment, is needed to assist substance-abusing women in gaining and maintaining employment.
药物滥用和福利改革是国家最优先考虑的事项之一，研究两者之间的联系对政府政策和社会都极为重要。福利改革将对药物滥用者以及治疗他们并努力帮助其客户实现功能康复和自给自足的各类专业人员产生严重影响。在福利改革以及药物滥用人群的特殊需求背景下，本研究调查了100名参加佛罗里达州迈阿密长期住院药物滥用治疗项目的低收入女性的当前福利状况、工作状况以及获得和维持就业的障碍与促进因素。参与者完成了一次面对面访谈，以评估详细的就业历史、当前收入来源以及成瘾严重程度指数。结果表明，治疗项目的完成者出院后工作的可能性比未完成者更大。同样，在项目中的停留时间越长，客户出院后工作的可能性就越大。多变量分析表明，高中教育、参与治疗中心的后续护理项目以及治疗时间超过一年与工作状况独立相关。这些数据表明，随着福利改革成为现实，需要持续提供各类支持，特别是药物治疗，以帮助药物滥用女性获得并维持就业。
