Goldman R H, Jarrard M R, Kim R, Loomis S, Atkins E H
Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Jun;42(6):645-52. doi: 10.1097/00043764-200006000-00016.
To identify high risk areas for back injury in a large teaching hospital, we calculated standard injury rates and newly developed composite statistics for nursing and non-nursing work groups. Data were extracted from the hospital's workers' compensation database. The hospital-wide total injury rate was 4.6 reports per 100 full-time equivalents (FTE); Compensation Case Rate, 1.4 cases per 100 FTE; Compensation Severity Rate, 76 days lost per 100 FTE; and the Cost Rate, $3742 per 100 FTE. The Total Injury Reports Rate for nursing varied from 14.2 per 100 FTE for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Nursing to 3.8 per 100 FTE for Pediatric Nursing. Non-nursing areas also demonstrated increased rates for back injury. Individual statistical rates ranked areas differently in risk, whereas composite statistical measures consistently ranked ICU Nursing, Buildings and Grounds, and Orthopedics/Neurological Nursing as the top three. Patient handling was the precipitating event in the majority of nursing back injuries, indicating the need for ergonomic intervention. The use of combined statistical measures provided a more integrative measure for describing and following back injury risk over time.
为确定一家大型教学医院中背部受伤的高风险区域，我们计算了护理和非护理工作小组的标准伤害率以及新制定的综合统计数据。数据从医院的工伤赔偿数据库中提取。全院总伤害率为每100个全时当量（FTE）有4.6起报告；赔偿案件率为每100个FTE有1.4起案件；赔偿严重率为每100个FTE有76天的损失工作日；成本率为每100个FTE 3742美元。护理部门的总伤害报告率从重症监护病房（ICU）护理的每100个FTE 14.2起至儿科护理的每100个FTE 3.8起不等。非护理区域的背部受伤率也有所上升。各项统计率对不同区域风险的排名有所不同，而综合统计指标始终将ICU护理、建筑与场地以及骨科/神经科护理列为前三位。在大多数护理人员背部受伤事件中，患者搬运是诱发因素，这表明需要进行人体工程学干预。综合统计指标的使用为随时间推移描述和跟踪背部受伤风险提供了更全面的衡量方法。
