A new assay for thyroglobulin concentration in serum using monoclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides.

The concentration of thyroglobulin (Tg) measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is greatly affected by the presence of anti-Tg autoantibodies in sera. We developed a new assay for detecting Tg in the presence of high concentrations of anti-Tg autoantibodies. A 48-kDa fragment was purified from Tg after treatment with V8 protease. This fragment did not appear to bind to two types of monoclonal antibodies (57Ab and 28D3) against a peptide in the C-terminus (amino acids 2735-2748) of Tg and intact Tg, respectively, by ELISA and Western blot analysis. In contrast, anti-Tg autoantibody or anti-Tg polyclonal antibody reacted well with this fragment. Our new ELISA used 57Ab as a solid phase antibody and 28D3 as a antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Buffer containing purified 48-kDa fragment was used to neutralize autoantibodies against Tg. With this assay, the recovery of Tg was 84.0-89.6% in normal healthy donors (n=5) in the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from sera positive for anti-Tg autoantibody, and 76.2-104.4% in patient sera Grave's disease (n=15). Furthermore, the Tg concentrations in sera from patients with Grave's disease (n=20) ranged from 25 to 526 ng/ml, even though the Tg concentration, as measured by a commercial RIA did not exceed 55 ng/ml. There was good agreement between Tg concentrations measured by new Tg-ELISA and commercial Tg-RIA in sera that were negative for anti-Tg autoantibody. Overall, our new ELISA containing a Tg fragment to neutralize the presence of autoantibodies, showed good sensitivity and precision, and may be useful for routine use. Further investigations with the new assay should allow wider assessment of the prevalence and pattern of thyroid autoimmunity or thyroid neoplasms.