Rauprich A B, Hammon H M, Blum J W
Division of Nutritional Pathology, Institute of Animal Breeding, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Biol Neonate. 2000 Jul;78(1):53-64. doi: 10.1159/000014247.
Colostrum provides high amounts of nutrients and non-nutrient substances to neonates. To study differences between effects of nutritional and non-nutritional components on growth, health status and metabolic and endocrine traits, a formula was created based on bovine milk components which contained similar amounts of nutrients as bovine colostrum during the first 3 days of lactation, but only trace amounts of growth factors (such as insulin-like growth factor I) or hormones (such as insulin) in whey. Calves were fed either pooled colostrum of milkings 1 to 6, obtained during the first 3 days of lactation (GrC, n = 7) or a formula in the same amounts as colostrum (GrF, n = 7) for the first 3 days, followed by a milk replacer up to day 7. Pre- and postprandial blood samples were taken on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 for the determination of metabolic and endocrine traits and on day 5 we measured intestinal absorptive capacity by testing xylose absorption. Plasma concentrations of total protein and immunoglobulin G and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity were lower (p < 0.05), whereas albumin and urea concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in GrF than GrC during the first week of life. Plasma glucose concentrations were variably affected. Plasma triglyceride, phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in GrC than GrF on days 3 and 7. Insulin and growth hormone concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in GrC than GrF on days 2 and 3 and on days 1 and 2, respectively, and glucagon concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in GrC than GrF on day 1 and higher (p < 0.05) in GrF than GrC on day 3. Cortisol concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) on days 2 and 3 in GrF than GrC. Plasma xylose concentrations rose more markedly (p < 0.05) in GrC than GrF. In conclusion, feeding only trace amounts of bioactive substances appears to impair intestinal absorptive capacity and protein and fat metabolism and exert effects on endocrine systems in neonatal calves.
初乳为新生儿提供大量营养物质和非营养物质。为研究营养成分和非营养成分对生长、健康状况以及代谢和内分泌特征影响的差异，基于牛乳成分创建了一种配方奶，其在泌乳期的前3天含有与牛初乳相似数量的营养物质，但乳清中仅含有微量的生长因子（如胰岛素样生长因子I）或激素（如胰岛素）。犊牛在最初3天被喂食第1至6次挤奶时收集的混合初乳（GrC组，n = 7）或与初乳等量的配方奶（GrF组，n = 7），之后直至第7天喂食代乳粉。在第1、2、3和7天采集餐前和餐后血样以测定代谢和内分泌特征，在第5天通过检测木糖吸收来测量肠道吸收能力。在出生后第一周，GrF组的总蛋白、免疫球蛋白G血浆浓度和γ-谷氨酰转移酶活性较低（p < 0.05），而白蛋白和尿素浓度较高（p < 0.05）。血浆葡萄糖浓度受到不同程度的影响。在第3天和第7天，GrC组的血浆甘油三酯、磷脂和胆固醇浓度高于GrF组（p < 0.05）。胰岛素和生长激素浓度分别在第2天和第3天以及第1天和第2天，GrC组高于GrF组（p < 0.05），胰高血糖素浓度在第1天GrC组高于GrF组（p < 0.05），在第3天GrF组高于GrC组（p < 0.05）。在第2天和第3天，GrF组的皮质醇浓度高于GrC组（p < 0.05）。GrC组的血浆木糖浓度升高比GrF组更显著（p < 0.05）。总之，仅喂食微量生物活性物质似乎会损害新生犊牛的肠道吸收能力以及蛋白质和脂肪代谢，并对内分泌系统产生影响。
