Lillehoj H S, Lillehoj E P
BARC-East, Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, Livestock and Poultry Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Avian Dis. 2000 Apr-Jun;44(2):408-25.
The gut-associated lymphoid tissues contain B and T lymphocytes responsible for acquired immunity to avian coccidiosis. Intestinal B cells begin producing parasite-specific antibodies shortly after infection although their role in protecting against coccidiosis is debated. T-cell-mediated immunity, predominantly by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes, confers the main component of protective immunity to Eimeria. Many of these cells display the CD8 and gammadelta T-cell receptor surface antigens, phenotypic markers of cytotoxic T cells. Although their role in eliminating Eimeria infection remains to be completely elucidated, T cells have been implicated in parasite transport, and their activity is augmented by interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. Because of the importance of cell-mediated immunity, coccidiosis vaccines must be capable of stimulating intestinal T cells. Orally delivered, live parasite vaccines, either unattenuated or attenuated, are powerful stimulators of intestinal cell-mediated immunity, but antigenic variability between Eimeria species present in the vaccine and in the field may restrict their commercial application. The newer generations of recombinant DNA and subunit protein vaccines, particularly when used in conjunction with interferon-gamma and interleukin-2, have shown preliminary promise in controlling experimental infections but have yet to be commercially developed.
肠道相关淋巴组织含有负责获得性抗禽球虫病免疫力的B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞。肠道B细胞在感染后不久就开始产生针对寄生虫的特异性抗体，尽管它们在预防球虫病中的作用仍存在争议。T细胞介导的免疫，主要由肠道上皮内淋巴细胞和固有层淋巴细胞介导，是对艾美耳球虫保护性免疫的主要组成部分。这些细胞中的许多都表达CD8和γδ T细胞受体表面抗原，这是细胞毒性T细胞的表型标志物。尽管它们在消除艾美耳球虫感染中的作用仍有待完全阐明，但T细胞与寄生虫转运有关，并且它们的活性会因干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-2而增强。由于细胞介导免疫的重要性，球虫病疫苗必须能够刺激肠道T细胞。口服的活寄生虫疫苗，无论是未减毒的还是减毒的，都是肠道细胞介导免疫的强大刺激剂，但疫苗中存在的艾美耳球虫种与野外存在的种之间的抗原变异性可能会限制它们的商业应用。新一代的重组DNA疫苗和亚单位蛋白疫苗，特别是与干扰素-γ和白细胞介素-2联合使用时，在控制实验性感染方面已显示出初步的前景，但尚未进行商业开发。
