Sohar E, Shapiro Y, Epstein Y
Institute of Military Medicine, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces.
Harefuah. 2000 May 1;138(9):723-7, 808, 807.
In the 1950's many IDF soldiers were hospitalized for heat stroke--about 25% of whom died. Analyzing these cases revealed that commanders misinterpreted human ability to perform in the heat and ignored basic concepts of fluid and electrolyte balance and heat load. In the early 1960's a series of studies was conducted with regard to soldiers' performance in the heat. The first study (1959), which later became a classic, was conducted during a 21-day march from Eilat to Metula, crossing all climatic zones of Israel. The study was followed by other investigations which approached the issues of voluntary dehydration, fluid consumption vs sweat loss, salt additives, and the effect of heat load on performance. Based on these early studies, proper regulations were issued to field officers. Over the years, the lessons learned from these studies saved many lives. The number of cases of heat stroke and of other climate-related injuries was dramatically reduced, and performance was enhanced.
20世纪50年代，许多以色列国防军士兵因中暑住院，其中约25%的人死亡。对这些病例的分析表明，指挥官们误解了人类在高温环境下的表现能力，忽视了液体和电解质平衡以及热负荷的基本概念。20世纪60年代初，针对士兵在高温环境下的表现进行了一系列研究。第一项研究（1959年）后来成为经典，是在从埃拉特到梅图拉的为期21天的行军中进行的，穿越了以色列的所有气候带。随后又进行了其他调查，涉及自愿脱水、液体摄入量与出汗量、盐添加剂以及热负荷对表现的影响等问题。基于这些早期研究，向野战军官发布了适当的规定。多年来，从这些研究中吸取的教训挽救了许多生命。中暑和其他与气候相关的伤害病例数量大幅减少，士兵的表现也得到了提高。
