Moneyham L, Sowell R, Seals B, Demi A
University of South Carolina, USA.
Sch Inq Nurs Pract. 2000 Spring;14(1):9-39; discussion 41-6.
Depressive symptoms are a common response to HIV disease and evidence suggests that women may be at particular risk. Very little of the research on depressive symptoms within the context of HIV disease has included women, however, and even fewer studies have targeted African American women. In a beginning effort to address this gap, the authors performed a secondary analysis of data collected from 1992-1995 in a sample of 264 HIV+ women. The purpose of the secondary analysis was to describe the levels of depressive symptoms for a subsample of 152 African American subjects and to identify significant covariates. The original analysis was based on a stress and coping framework and was designed to provide a description of stressors, resistance factors, and adaptational outcomes of HIV+ women. It included various measures of psychological distress and quality of life. Depressive symptoms were not examined in the original analysis as an outcome of HIV disease, however. In the secondary analysis, depressive symptoms were operationalized using a depression subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) (Deragotis, 1993). Major categories of correlates examined included person resources, environmental resources, coping responses, and disease-related stressors. The data used in the analysis were collected during the fourth and fifth interviews of the longitudinal study, with 152 of the African American women having completed both interviews. Variance in depressive symptoms was analyzed using ANOVA, zero-order correlations, and multiple regression analysis. The mean depressive symptoms score for the subsample of African American women was considerably higher than published means for female and male normative samples, respectively. The regression model accounted for over half of the variance in depressive symptoms (R2 = .515). Significant correlates included self-esteem, family cohesion, HIV symptoms and quality of life. The findings support personal and social resources and disease-related factors as important correlates of HIV+ African American women's depressive symptoms and suggest the need for interventions to address such factors.
抑郁症状是对艾滋病毒疾病的常见反应，有证据表明女性可能面临特别的风险。然而，在艾滋病毒疾病背景下，针对抑郁症状的研究很少纳入女性，针对非裔美国女性的研究更是少之又少。为了填补这一空白，作者对1992年至1995年从264名艾滋病毒阳性女性样本中收集的数据进行了二次分析。二次分析的目的是描述152名非裔美国受试者子样本的抑郁症状水平，并确定显著的协变量。最初的分析基于压力与应对框架，旨在描述艾滋病毒阳性女性的压力源、抵抗因素和适应结果。它包括各种心理困扰和生活质量的测量。然而，在最初的分析中，抑郁症状并未作为艾滋病毒疾病的结果进行研究。在二次分析中，使用简明症状量表（BSI）（德拉戈蒂斯，1993年）的抑郁分量表来衡量抑郁症状。所考察的相关因素的主要类别包括个人资源、环境资源、应对反应和疾病相关压力源。分析中使用的数据是在纵向研究的第四次和第五次访谈期间收集的，152名非裔美国女性完成了这两次访谈。使用方差分析、零阶相关和多元回归分析来分析抑郁症状的差异。非裔美国女性子样本的平均抑郁症状得分分别显著高于已发表的女性和男性常模样本的得分。回归模型解释了抑郁症状差异的一半以上（R2 = 0.515）。显著的相关因素包括自尊、家庭凝聚力、艾滋病毒症状和生活质量。研究结果支持个人和社会资源以及疾病相关因素是艾滋病毒阳性非裔美国女性抑郁症状的重要相关因素，并表明需要进行干预以解决这些因素。
