Gemcitabine and cisplatin as induction regimen for patients with biopsy-proven stage IIIA N2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Cooperative Group (EORTC 08955).

PURPOSE

Our objective was to better define the activity/feasibility of gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) as induction chemotherapy in patients with stage IIIA N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) followed by surgery or radiotherapy within a large, ongoing comparative study (EORTC 08941).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Forty-seven chemotherapy-naive patients with NSCLC, median age of 58 years, stage IIIA N2 disease, World Health Organization performance status of 0 or 1, and the ability to tolerate a pneumonectomy received gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 and cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) on day 2, every 4 weeks. Patients received induction chemotherapy (three cycles) before re-evaluation and randomization to surgery or radiotherapy.

RESULTS

Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia, the main hematologic toxicity, occurred in 60% of patients but was not associated with bleeding. Full-dose gemcitabine was given in 48% of the courses. Severe nonhematologic toxicity was uncommon. Two patients with preexisting, autoimmune pulmonary fibrosis had deterioration of pulmonary function after radiotherapy. Thirty-three (70.2%; 95% confidence interval, 55.1% to 82.7%) of the 47 eligible patients had objective responses (three complete responses and 30 partial responses). Mediastinal nodes were tumor-free after induction therapy in 53% of cases. Resections were considered complete in 71% of the patients who underwent thoracotomy after induction therapy. Median survival for all recruited patients (N = 53) was 18.9 months, with an estimated 1-year survival rate of 69%.

CONCLUSION

In patients with N2 stage IIIA NSCLC, GC is a highly active and well-tolerated induction regimen. GC should be explored in combination with surgery or radiotherapy in stage I and II patients.