Foote R H
J Dairy Sci. 1975 Feb;58(2):248-56. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(75)84555-3.
There is no substitute for good management. Each animal should be identified carefully. The herds man should know all signs of estrus or impending estrus. In addition, for visual detection of estrus to be highly effective, sufficient time must be taken at least twice a day to catch animals with a short estrus period. Presently there are two visual aids to estrus detection which provide potential 24-h surveillance. One aid is a pressure sensitive device mounted on the back of each cow which can be triggered when the cow stands for mounting. The second one is a marking device worn by sexually aggressive animals which will stripe with colored ink the back of estrous animals as the marker animal mounts and dismounts. Both devices are effective when used properly. Other tests of changes in cervical mucus, vaginal characteristics, temperature, blood flow, and hormone changes in blood and milk are either not suffciently reliable or else simple enough yet to be practical aids for routine detection of estrus in dairy cattle. Milk progesterone can assist in characterizing problem cows.
良好的管理无可替代。每头牲畜都应仔细识别。牧民应了解发情或即将发情的所有迹象。此外，为了使发情的视觉检测非常有效，每天至少要花足够的时间两次去捕捉发情期短的牲畜。目前有两种用于发情检测的视觉辅助工具，可提供潜在的24小时监测。一种辅助工具是安装在每头奶牛背部的压力敏感装置，当奶牛站立接受爬跨时可被触发。第二种是具有性攻击性的牲畜佩戴的标记装置，当标记牲畜爬上和爬下发情牲畜时，它会用彩色墨水在发情牲畜的背部留下条纹。这两种装置使用得当都很有效。其他检测宫颈黏液、阴道特征、体温、血流以及血液和乳汁中激素变化的方法，要么不够可靠，要么不够简单实用，无法用于日常检测奶牛的发情情况。牛奶中的孕酮有助于确定问题奶牛的特征。
