Matsumoto T
Kanagawa Prefectural Center of Psychiatry, Serigaya Hospital.
Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2000;102(5):498-513.
The author studied the clinical features of recent methamphetamine (MAP) abusers in Japan by comparing two methods of MAP use: smoking and injection. Of all the methamphetamine abusers that consulted Kanagawa Prefectural Center of Psychiatry, Serigaya Hospital, between June '97 and November '98, 67 patients that the author interviewed and treated were selected to participate in this study. The subjects consisted of two groups: 31 smoking abusers and 36 injection abusers. The results clearly showed the following: 1. Injection abusers tended to abuse organic solvents in addition to MAP, and had criminal records, lower education, and alcoholic parents more often than smoking abusers. On the other hand, smoking abusers tended to abuse cannabis, and lived in an environment similar to the general population. 2. Smoking abusers could not control MAP use, and developed acute psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions more quickly than injection abusers. 3. No remarkable differences in psychotic symptoms at acute intoxication among the two groups were seen; however, injection abusers showed more auditory hallucinations at first consultation. 4. No remarkable differences in the percentage of prolonged/chronic psychosis were detected among the two groups; however, injection abusers with psychosis needed higher doses of neuroleptics. 5. The families of smoking abusers attended family seminars more than those of injection abusers; however, there were no remarkable differences in the prognosis of the addiction rehabilitation program between the two groups. Based on the results, the author proposed a new type of MAP abuser was generated when smokable MAP was introduced to Japan. Furthermore, it was found that smokable MAP is more likely to cause loss of control and acute psychosis. However, this speculation was solely based on observation and treatment of abusers who sought consultation at medical facilities, and numerous smoking abusers who have not received treatment are considered to exist.
作者通过比较两种甲基苯丙胺（MAP）使用方式：吸烟和注射，研究了日本近期甲基苯丙胺滥用者的临床特征。在1997年6月至1998年11月期间咨询神奈川县立精神中心芹加谷医院的所有甲基苯丙胺滥用者中，作者挑选了67名接受访谈和治疗的患者参与本研究。研究对象分为两组：31名吸烟滥用者和36名注射滥用者。结果清楚地表明了以下几点：1. 注射滥用者除了滥用甲基苯丙胺外，还倾向于滥用有机溶剂，并且比吸烟滥用者更常有着犯罪记录、较低的教育水平以及酗酒的父母。另一方面，吸烟滥用者倾向于滥用大麻，并且生活在与普通人群相似的环境中。2. 吸烟滥用者无法控制甲基苯丙胺的使用，并且比注射滥用者更快地出现幻觉和妄想等急性精神病症状。3. 两组在急性中毒时的精神病症状方面没有显著差异；然而，注射滥用者在初次咨询时出现更多幻听。4. 两组在持续性/慢性精神病的百分比方面没有检测到显著差异；然而，患有精神病的注射滥用者需要更高剂量的抗精神病药物。5. 吸烟滥用者的家人比注射滥用者的家人更多地参加家庭研讨会；然而，两组在成瘾康复项目的预后方面没有显著差异。基于这些结果，作者提出当可吸食的甲基苯丙胺引入日本时，产生了一种新型的甲基苯丙胺滥用者。此外，发现可吸食的甲基苯丙胺更有可能导致失控和急性精神病。然而，这一推测仅基于在医疗机构寻求咨询的滥用者的观察和治疗，并且认为存在大量未接受治疗的吸烟滥用者。
