Bykhovskaia-Pavlovskaia I E, Ginetsinskaia T A
Parazitologiia. 1975 Jan-Feb;09(1):3-16.
The paper deals with the current state of knowledge of Trematoda, trends and aims of further investigations. Up to now the classification system of trematodes has been unsatisfactory though for several large groups it is elaborated with due regard to the biology and ecology of these worms. The main deficiency of the present-day taxonomy of trematodes consists in the existence of two separate classifications, for adult worms and for their larvae (cercariae). Among the existing systems the classification suggested by Odening (1960-1963) is of the greatest interest. We do not agree with his division of the class into three subclasses (including Aspidogastrea) and Diginea into two subclasses, "Sporocystoinei" and "Redioinei", but follow the composition of orders established by him. Great difficulties arise in establishing the characters, taxonomic criteria of trematodes. However, a number of characters can be suggested for differentiation of species and genera at various developmental stages. Deficiency in the taxonomy of these worms is due to a wrong evaluation of their characters and to the lack of common collection and treatment techniques. On describing species one should proceed, if possible, from the whole complex of morphological and biological peculiarities of different ontogenetic stages of the forms under study. A study of the ultrafine structure, hysto- and biochemistry of trematodes will enable us to associate better the morphology and the function of organs and to go deeper into the functional morphology and functional biochemistry. The main task of further investigations is closely connected with the elaboration of a natural system of Trematoda, a study of diverse and deep interrelations in the "parasite-host" system and with the development of scientific methods of control of pathogenic species on the biological basis.
本文论述了吸虫纲的知识现状、进一步研究的趋势和目标。到目前为止，吸虫的分类系统一直不尽人意，尽管对于几个大类，已经在充分考虑这些蠕虫的生物学和生态学的基础上进行了阐述。当前吸虫分类学的主要不足在于存在两种独立的分类，一种针对成虫，另一种针对其幼虫（尾蚴）。在现有系统中，奥登宁（1960 - 1963）提出的分类最受关注。我们不同意他将吸虫纲分为三个亚纲（包括盾腹亚纲）以及将复殖亚纲分为两个亚纲，即“孢蚴亚纲”和“雷蚴亚纲”，但遵循他所确立的目级分类组成。在确定吸虫的特征、分类标准时会遇到很大困难。然而，可以提出一些特征用于区分不同发育阶段的物种和属。这些蠕虫分类学的不足是由于对其特征的错误评估以及缺乏通用的采集和处理技术。在描述物种时，如果可能的话，应该从所研究形态不同个体发育阶段的形态学和生物学特性的整个复合体出发。对吸虫的超微结构、组织学和生物化学的研究将使我们能够更好地将器官的形态与功能联系起来，并更深入地研究功能形态学和功能生物化学。进一步研究的主要任务与吸虫自然分类系统的制定、“寄生虫 - 宿主”系统中多样而深入的相互关系的研究以及基于生物学控制致病物种的科学方法的开发密切相关。
