Négrel A D, Chami Khazraji Y, Azelmat M
Programme de Prévention de la Cécité, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Genève, Suisse.
Med Trop (Mars). 1995;55(4 Pt 2):421-4.
The lack of sound and recent epidemiological data on the prevalence and causes of blindness has hampered the development and evaluation of the Moroccan Programme for the Prevention of Blindness. For this reason a population-based survey using a stratified (urban/rural) sampling design for random selection of clusters was carried out in the Kingdom of Morocco from May 15 until June 30, 1992. The procedures used for this survey were those proposed by the WHO Programme for the Prevention of Blindness. A total of 10,198 people were recruited and 8878 examined for a participation rate of 87%. The size and representativity of the sample satisfactorily guaranteed the order of magnitude and accuracy of eye health indicators used by health planners. The crude point prevalence of blindness was 0.8%, that of bilateral poor vision was 2.3%, and that of unilateral poor vision was estimated to be 2.8%. Based on these findings 195,000 people would be blind and 1,300,000 would be at risk of becoming so, for a total of approximately 1,500,000 people with serious visual impairment. Age-related cataract was the most important cause of blindness (45.5%) and bilateral poor vision (43.1%). The prevalence of cataract-related visual impairment--operable or inoperable--was estimated to be 2.1% of the survey sample. Applying a realistic algorithm to the survey data, it was estimated that the backlog for cataract surgery in Morocco in 1992 was in the order of 502,000 eyes in approximately 287,000 people. The percentage of patients who had undergone cataract surgery in hospital was 0.8%. Posterior lens dislocation according to the traditional "couching" method was noted in 0.1% of people studied. It was estimated that 25% of the demand for cataract surgery was covered by available facilities and that 40% of people with aphakia could not obtain eye care.
缺乏关于失明患病率及病因的可靠且近期的流行病学数据，这阻碍了摩洛哥预防失明计划的制定与评估。因此，1992年5月15日至6月30日期间，在摩洛哥王国开展了一项基于人群的调查，采用分层（城市/农村）抽样设计随机选取群组。本次调查采用的程序是世界卫生组织预防失明计划所提议的。共招募了10198人，8878人接受了检查，参与率为87%。样本的规模和代表性令人满意地保证了卫生规划者所使用的眼部健康指标的数量级和准确性。失明的粗点患病率为0.8%，双眼视力低下的患病率为2.3%，单眼视力低下的患病率估计为2.8%。基于这些调查结果，估计有19.5万人失明，130万人有失明风险，总计约150万人有严重视力障碍。年龄相关性白内障是失明（45.5%）和双眼视力低下（43.1%）的最重要原因。与白内障相关的视力损害（可手术或不可手术）的患病率估计为调查样本的2.1%。将一种实际算法应用于调查数据，估计1992年摩洛哥白内障手术积压量约为28.7万人的50.2万只眼。在医院接受过白内障手术的患者比例为0.8%。在所研究的人群中，0.1%的人存在按照传统“针拨术”方法导致的晶状体后脱位。据估计，现有设施能够满足25%的白内障手术需求，40%的无晶状体患者无法获得眼部护理。
