Dewsbury D A
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-2250, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2000 Jun;7(2):267-83. doi: 10.3758/bf03212982.
According to the received view of the history of psychology, behaviorism so dominated psychology prior to the 1960s that there was little research in animal cognition. A review of the research on animal cognition during the 1930s reveals a rich literature dealing with such topics as insight, reasoning, tool use, delay problems, oddity learning, abstraction, spatial cognition, and problem solving, among others. Material on "higher processes" or a related topic was prominent in the textbooks of the period. Tracing academic lineages reveals such teachers as Harvey Carr, Robert M. Yerkes, and Edward C. Tolman as sources of this interest. The alleged hegemony of strict behavioristic psychology, interpreted as excluding research on animal cognition, requires revision. Some possible reasons for this neglect are suggested.
根据心理学史的传统观点，行为主义在20世纪60年代之前对心理学的主导地位如此显著，以至于动物认知方面的研究很少。对20世纪30年代动物认知研究的回顾揭示了大量涉及诸如洞察力、推理、工具使用、延迟问题、奇特性学习、抽象、空间认知和问题解决等主题的文献。关于“高级过程”或相关主题的材料在那个时期的教科书中很突出。追溯学术传承可以发现，哈维·卡尔、罗伯特·M·耶基斯和爱德华·C·托尔曼等教师是这种兴趣的来源。那种认为严格的行为主义心理学占据主导地位（被解释为排除动物认知研究）的说法需要修正。文中还提出了这种忽视的一些可能原因。
