Bentur N, Gross R, Berg A
JDC-Brookdale Institute of Gerontology and Human Development, Jerusalem.
Harefuah. 1998 Mar 15;134(6):425-8, 504.
Screening tests including mammograms for early detection of breast cancer are in the basket of services provided under the National Health Insurance Law. The law also defines the population groups entitled to mammograms, and sets the frequency of the test as once every 2 years. The aim of this study was to examine the screening rates for early detection of breast cancer at the inception of the law, in order to monitor future changes in performance rates, and identify the characteristics of those unlikely to undergo these tests, in order to promote the use of screening tests by them. This study is part of a comprehensive survey examining the effect of the National Health Insurance Law on the Israeli population. The survey, carried out in the summer of 1995, included a sample of 1,400 Israeli residents aged 22 and over. To determine performance rates for clinical breast examinations a subgroup of 515 women aged 30 and over was sampled. To determine performance rates for mammograms, 173 women were aged 50-74 (the entitlement ages under the law), were sampled. 54% of women aged 30+ reported having had at least 1 clinical breast examination during their lifetime, and 56% of women aged 50-74 reported having had a mammogram during the past 2 years. Variables with an independent effect on the likelihood of having had a clinical breast examination by a physician during the past 2 years were: being over the age of 50, having at least 9 years of education, being a veteran resident of Israel (as opposed to a new immigrant), and being Jewish. Variables with an independent effect on the likelihood of having a mammogram during the past 2 years were: being a veteran resident of Israel, and having a high income--which was found to have a borderline effect. The findings of the survey emphasize the importance of changing the behavior patterns of both women and physicians, informing women about their entitlement to the tests, and raising consciousness of the importance of having repeated clinical examinations by a physician, as well as mammograms.
包括乳房X光检查在内的乳腺癌早期筛查测试属于《国家健康保险法》规定提供的服务范畴。该法律还明确了有权接受乳房X光检查的人群，并将检查频率设定为每两年一次。本研究的目的是在该法律实施之初，调查乳腺癌早期检测的筛查率，以便监测未来执行率的变化，并确定那些不太可能接受这些检查的人群的特征，从而促使他们使用筛查测试。本研究是一项全面调查的一部分，该全面调查旨在考察《国家健康保险法》对以色列人口的影响。这项于1995年夏天开展的调查，抽取了1400名年龄在22岁及以上的以色列居民作为样本。为确定临床乳房检查的执行率，抽取了一个由515名年龄在30岁及以上的女性组成的子样本。为确定乳房X光检查的执行率，抽取了173名年龄在50 - 74岁（该法律规定的享有资格的年龄）的女性。30岁及以上的女性中有54%报告称她们一生中至少接受过一次临床乳房检查，50 - 74岁的女性中有56%报告称在过去两年内接受过乳房X光检查。在过去两年中，对是否接受过医生临床乳房检查的可能性有独立影响的变量包括：年龄超过50岁、至少接受过9年教育、是以色列的老居民（与新移民相对）以及是犹太人。在过去两年中，对是否接受乳房X光检查的可能性有独立影响的变量包括：是以色列的老居民以及高收入——后者被发现有临界影响。调查结果强调了改变女性和医生行为模式、告知女性她们有权接受这些检查以及提高对由医生进行重复临床检查和乳房X光检查重要性的认识的重要性。
