Bayliss D M, Roodenrys S
Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia.
Dev Neuropsychol. 2000;17(2):161-80. doi: 10.1207/S15326942DN1702_02.
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display many behaviors consistent with an underlying deficit in executive processes. This study examines Norman and Shallice's (1986) supervisory attentional system (SAS) as an approximation of executive functioning thought to be impaired in ADHD. Fifteen ADHD children were compared to a clinical control sample of learning disabled (LD) children and control children matched for age, gender, and IQ on a series of tasks designed to tap the functions of the SAS. The tasks assessed either the inhibition of a strongly triggered response (Star Counting Test, Hayling Sentence Completion Test, and the Random Generation Test) or impulsive responding in the absence of strong trigger-schema contingencies (Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test). Analyses revealed that the ADHD group was significantly impaired, in comparison to the LD and control groups, on tasks requiring the inhibition of a strongly triggered response. Further support for the fractionation of the SAS is provided by the differential performance of the groups on these tasks.
患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童表现出许多与执行过程潜在缺陷相一致的行为。本研究考察了诺曼和沙利斯（1986）提出的监督注意系统（SAS），将其作为执行功能的一种近似，认为该功能在ADHD中受损。将15名ADHD儿童与学习障碍（LD）儿童的临床对照样本以及在年龄、性别和智商上匹配的对照儿童进行比较，通过一系列旨在挖掘SAS功能的任务进行研究。这些任务要么评估对强烈触发反应的抑制（星数测试、海林句子完成测试和随机生成测试），要么评估在没有强烈触发模式意外情况时的冲动反应（布里克斯顿空间预期测试）。分析表明，与LD组和对照组相比，ADHD组在需要抑制强烈触发反应的任务上明显受损。这些任务上各组的差异表现为SAS的分离提供了进一步的支持。
