Olsen C W, Carey S, Hinshaw L, Karasin A I
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
Arch Virol. 2000;145(7):1399-419. doi: 10.1007/s007050070098.
Influenza virus infection in pigs is both an animal health problem and a public health concern. As such, surveillance and characterization of influenza viruses in swine is important to the veterinary community and should be a part of human pandemic preparedness planning. Studies in 1976/1977 and 1988/1989 demonstrated that pigs in the U.S. were commonly infected with classical swine H1N1 viruses, whereas human H3 and avian influenza virus infections were very rare. In contrast, human H3 and avian H1 viruses have been isolated frequently from pigs in Europe and Asia over the last two decades. From September 1997 through August 1998, we isolated 26 influenza viruses from pigs in the north central United States at the point of slaughter. All 26 isolates were H1N1 viruses, and phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein genes from 11 representative viruses demonstrated that these were classical swine H1 viruses. However, monoclonal antibody analyses revealed antigenic heterogeneity among the HA proteins of the 26 viruses. Serologically, 27.7% of 2,375 pigs tested had hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against classical swine H1 influenza virus. Of particular significance, however, the rates of seropositivity to avian H1 (7.6%) and human H3 (8.0%) viruses were substantially higher than in previous studies.
猪流感病毒感染既是一个动物健康问题，也是一个公共卫生问题。因此，对猪流感病毒进行监测和特性分析对兽医界很重要，并且应该成为人类大流行防范计划的一部分。1976/1977年和1988/1989年的研究表明，美国的猪普遍感染经典猪H1N1病毒，而人类H3和禽流感病毒感染则非常罕见。相比之下，在过去二十年中，欧洲和亚洲的猪经常分离出人类H3和禽流感H1病毒。从1997年9月到1998年8月，我们在美国中北部的屠宰场从猪身上分离出26株流感病毒。所有26株分离株均为H1N1病毒，对11株代表性病毒的血凝素和核蛋白基因进行系统发育分析表明，这些病毒是经典猪H1病毒。然而，单克隆抗体分析显示这26种病毒的血凝素蛋白之间存在抗原异质性。血清学检测显示，在2375头检测的猪中，27.7%的猪具有针对经典猪H1流感病毒的血凝抑制抗体。然而，特别重要的是，对禽流感H1（7.6%）和人类H3（8.0%）病毒的血清阳性率显著高于以往研究。
