Hayes J D, Strange R C
Biomedical Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, UK.
Pharmacology. 2000 Sep;61(3):154-66. doi: 10.1159/000028396.
Two supergene families encode proteins with glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity: the family of soluble enzymes comprises at least 16 genes; the separate family of microsomal enzymes comprises at least 6 genes. These two GST families are believed to exert a critical role in cellular protection against oxidative stress and toxic foreign chemicals. They detoxify a variety of electrophilic compounds, including oxidized lipid, DNA and catechol products generated by reactive oxygen species-induced damage to intracellular molecules. An increasing number of GST genes are being recognized as polymorphic. Certain alleles, particularly those that confer impaired catalytic activity (e.g. GSTM1()0, GSTT1()0), may be associated with increased sensitivity to toxic compounds. GST polymorphisms may be disease modifying; for example, in subgroups of patients with basal cell carcinoma or bronchial hyper-responsiveness, certain GST appear to exert a statistically significant and biologically relevant impact on disease susceptibility.
两个超基因家族编码具有谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性的蛋白质：可溶性酶家族至少包含16个基因；微粒体酶的独立家族至少包含6个基因。这两个GST家族被认为在细胞抵御氧化应激和有毒外来化学物质方面发挥着关键作用。它们能使多种亲电化合物解毒，包括活性氧诱导的细胞内分子损伤所产生的氧化脂质、DNA和儿茶酚产物。越来越多的GST基因被认为具有多态性。某些等位基因，特别是那些导致催化活性受损的等位基因（如GSTM1(*0)、GSTT1(*0)），可能与对有毒化合物的敏感性增加有关。GST多态性可能会改变疾病状况；例如，在基底细胞癌或支气管高反应性患者的亚组中，某些GST似乎对疾病易感性产生统计学上显著且生物学上相关的影响。
