Larsson L C, Widner H
Department of Physiological Sciences, Section for Neuronal Survival, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Scand J Immunol. 2000 Sep;52(3):249-56. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00796.x.
Neural transplantation may become an important treatment alternative for focal brain disorders. To date, the most successful grafts have been obtained in patients with Parkinson's disease. Completely normalized dopamine production and reduction of Parkinsonian symptoms have been demonstrated 10 years after grafting. However, the allogeneic donor tissue has to be obtained from induced abortions, and there are logistical difficulties, risks of infection, and ethical constraints limiting a wider clinical use. Xenografting is an alternative that could bridge these limitations if immunological rejection could be prevented. Pig embryonic neural tissue has been grafted to patients with Parkinson's disease, but no functional benefits have clinically been proven so far. The immune reactions to neural xenografts were incompletely characterized at the time of these early clinical trials, and it is likely that the treatments used were insufficient and that the grafts were rejected. In this article we will review new experiments addressing the immune responses against porcine neural tissue grafted to the adult brain, including the role of antibodies, complement, natural killer (NK) cells, lymphocytes, as well as the effects of immunosuppressive drugs and donor tissue modifications.
神经移植可能成为治疗局灶性脑部疾病的一种重要替代方法。迄今为止，最成功的移植案例是在帕金森病患者身上取得的。移植10年后已证明多巴胺分泌完全恢复正常，帕金森症状减轻。然而，同种异体供体组织必须从人工流产中获取，存在后勤困难、感染风险以及伦理限制，阻碍了其更广泛的临床应用。如果能够防止免疫排斥，异种移植是一种可以克服这些限制的替代方法。猪胚胎神经组织已被移植到帕金森病患者体内，但迄今为止尚未在临床上证明有功能益处。在这些早期临床试验时，对神经异种移植的免疫反应尚未完全明确，所用治疗方法可能并不充分，导致移植组织被排斥。在本文中，我们将回顾针对移植到成年大脑的猪神经组织的免疫反应的新实验，包括抗体、补体、自然杀伤（NK）细胞、淋巴细胞的作用，以及免疫抑制药物和供体组织修饰的影响。
