Radetzky A, Schröcker F, Auer L M
Institute of Applied Sciences in Medicine (ISM), Salzburg, Austria.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2000;70:272-8.
In the last years high efforts have been taken to develop surgical simulators for computer assisted training. However, most of these simulators use simple models of the human's anatomy, which are manually created using modeling software. Nevertheless, medical experts need to perform the training directly with the patient's complex anatomy, which can be received, for example, from digital imaging datasets (CT, MR). A common technique to display these datasets is volume rendering. However, even with high-end hardware only static models can be handled interactively. In surgical simulators a dynamic component is also needed because tissues must be deformed and partially removed. With the combination of springmass models, which are improved by neuro-fuzzy systems, and the recently developed OpenGL Volumizer, surgical simulation using real-time deformable (or dynamic) volume rendering became possible. As an application example the simulator ROBOSIM for minimally invasive neurosurgery is presented.
在过去几年中，人们付出了巨大努力来开发用于计算机辅助训练的手术模拟器。然而，这些模拟器大多使用人体解剖结构的简单模型，这些模型是使用建模软件手动创建的。尽管如此，医学专家需要直接使用患者的复杂解剖结构进行训练，例如，可以从数字成像数据集（CT、MR）中获取这些解剖结构。显示这些数据集的一种常用技术是体绘制。然而，即使使用高端硬件，也只能交互式地处理静态模型。在手术模拟器中，还需要一个动态组件，因为组织必须变形并部分切除。通过结合由神经模糊系统改进的弹簧质量模型和最近开发的OpenGL Volumizer，使用实时可变形（或动态）体绘制进行手术模拟成为可能。作为一个应用示例，展示了用于微创神经外科手术的模拟器ROBOSIM。
