Taitz C
Department of Anatomy, Sackler School of Medicine, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
Clin Anat. 2000;13(5):354-60. doi: 10.1002/1098-2353(2000)13:5<354::AID-CA5>3.0.CO;2-6.
Human skeletons (214) belonging to a South African black and white cadaver population were pooled and examined for malformations of the craniovertebral region. Four crania, presenting with various manifestations of an occipital vertebra, such as a paracondylar process, epicondylar process, hypocondylar arch, and a third condyle were identified as well as two crania showing various degrees of assimilation of the atlas to the basicranium. Of particular interest was the identification of a cloverleaf-shaped foramen magnum in a cranium of an individual with achondroplasia as well as a cranium with marked asymmetry of both foramen magnum and occipital condyles. Due to the availability of both cranium and corresponding atlanto-axial components, the clinical significance of certain aspects of craniovertebral anomalies were vividly demonstrated, such as a pseudarthrosis formed by the meeting of a paracondylar process with an epitransverse process and a dens "riding high" in the foramen magnum as a result of assimilation of the atlas.
收集了属于南非黑人和白人尸体群体的214具人类骨骼，检查其颅颈区域的畸形情况。发现了四个颅骨，呈现出枕椎的各种表现，如髁旁突、上髁突、下髁弓和第三个髁，还有两个颅骨显示出寰椎与颅底不同程度的融合。特别值得关注的是，在一名软骨发育不全个体的颅骨中发现了三叶形枕骨大孔，以及一个枕骨大孔和枕髁均明显不对称的颅骨。由于同时有颅骨和相应的寰枢椎组件，颅颈异常某些方面的临床意义得到了生动的展示，比如髁旁突与上横突相接形成假关节，以及由于寰椎融合导致齿突在枕骨大孔中“高位”。
