[工作相关压力因素与医院护士的心理健康]

Escribà Agüir V, Más Pons R, Cárdenas Echegaray M, Burguete Ramos D, Fernández Sánchez R

Institut Valencià d'Estudis en Salut Pública (IVESP).

Rev Enferm. 2000 Jul-Aug;23(7-8):506-11.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the factors which cause stress at work among hospital nursing staff according to their socio-demographic and professional characteristics and their affects on psychological welfare.

METHODS

A cross study carried out on a randomly chosen group of 201 nursing professionals composed of nurses and nurses aides from a general public hospital in the city of Valencia. The data was gathered by means of a self-administered questionnaire. To measure the variable response, psychological welfare, The Goldberg General Health 28 item version questionnaire, GHQ-28, was used. Work stress factors were evaluated by means of a scale valid for our cultural environment, Spain,: the Nursing Stress Scale, NSS, which consists of 34 items having a range from 0 to 102. In addition, information about diverse socio-demographic and professional variables were gathered. The authors carried out a simple analysis on all the data obtained.

RESULTS

The scores registered on the work stress factors scale were lower for nursing professionals older than 55 and for those who have more than 20 years experience in their service, with a medium of 23.28 (IC 95% = 9.87-54.84) and 25.29 (IC 95% = 11.80-54.22) respectively. On the other hand, the medium was higher for nurses with a medium of 34.16 (IC: 15.29-76.29) in comparison to the score for nurses aides. The total score on the work stress factors scale was higher in the "probable situations" of psychological stress with a medium of 42.40 (IC 95% = 21.35-84.21).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study demonstrate that a higher level exposure to work stress factors lowers the psychological welfare among nursing staff.

目的

根据医院护理人员的社会人口学和职业特征，分析导致其工作压力的因素及其对心理福利的影响。

方法

对来自巴伦西亚市一家公立医院的201名护理专业人员（包括护士和护理助理）进行随机抽样的横断面研究。数据通过自填式问卷收集。为测量变量反应，即心理福利，使用了戈德堡一般健康28项问卷（GHQ - 28）。工作压力因素通过适用于西班牙文化环境的量表进行评估：护理压力量表（NSS），该量表由34个项目组成，范围从0到102。此外，还收集了关于各种社会人口学和职业变量的信息。作者对所有获得的数据进行了简单分析。

结果

55岁以上的护理专业人员以及服务年限超过20年的人员在工作压力因素量表上的得分较低，中位数分别为23.28（95%置信区间 = 9.87 - 54.84）和25.29（95%置信区间 = 11.80 - 54.22）。另一方面，护士的中位数（34.16，置信区间：15.29 - 76.29）高于护理助理。在心理压力“可能情况”下，工作压力因素量表的总分较高，中位数为42.40（95%置信区间 = 21.35 - 84.21）。