Suhre F B
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA.
Food Addit Contam. 2000 Jul;17(7):497-501. doi: 10.1080/026520300412384.
The evolution of US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) process for estimating potential health risks from pesticide residues in or on food is examined in light of changes in US Legislation and the variability of residue data and assumptions used to estimate dietary exposure. In the 86 years since enactment of the Insecticide Act, pesticide laws have become progressively more health-based. Passage of the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) requires EPA to place particular emphasis on assessing potential risk from pesticides to infants and children. Primary factors affecting the actual pesticide residues in food include frequency of application, percentage of crop treated, and the interval from treatment to harvest. Primary factors affecting the estimated pesticide residues in food include the source of the residue data, calculation techniques for non-detected residues, and the availability of data reflecting post-harvest treatments. Risk assessors must thoroughly consider these factors when assessing dietary risk to pesticides. Risk managers will need to consider these factors as a means of mitigating dietary risk from pesticides.
结合美国立法的变化以及用于估计膳食暴露的残留数据和假设的变异性，对美国环境保护局（EPA）评估食品中或食品上农药残留潜在健康风险的过程演变进行了研究。自《杀虫剂法》颁布86年来，农药法律已逐渐更加以健康为基础。1996年《食品质量保护法》（FQPA）的通过要求EPA特别强调评估农药对婴儿和儿童的潜在风险。影响食品中实际农药残留的主要因素包括施药频率、施药作物的百分比以及施药至收获的间隔时间。影响食品中估计农药残留的主要因素包括残留数据的来源、未检测到的残留的计算技术以及反映收获后处理的数据的可用性。风险评估人员在评估农药的膳食风险时必须充分考虑这些因素。风险管理人员将需要将这些因素作为减轻农药膳食风险的一种手段加以考虑。
