Lochner K, Kawachi I, Kennedy B P
Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Health Place. 1999 Dec;5(4):259-70. doi: 10.1016/s1353-8292(99)00016-7.
The primary aims of this paper are to review the concept of social capital and related constructs and to provide a brief guide to their operationalization and measurement. We focus on four existing constructs: collective efficacy, psychological sense of community, neighborhood cohesion and community competence. Each of these constructs taps into slightly different, yet overlapping, aspects of social capital. The existence of several instruments to measure each of these constructs calls for further study into their use as measures of social capital. Despite differences in the approach to measurement, there is general agreement that community characteristics, such as social capital, should be distinguished from individual characteristics and measured at the community level.
本文的主要目的是回顾社会资本的概念及相关结构，并简要介绍其操作化和测量方法。我们关注四个现有结构：集体效能、社区心理感受、邻里凝聚力和社区能力。这些结构中的每一个都涉及社会资本略有不同但相互重叠的方面。有多种测量这些结构的工具，这就需要进一步研究它们作为社会资本测量指标的用途。尽管测量方法存在差异，但人们普遍认为，社区特征，如社会资本，应与个体特征区分开来，并在社区层面进行测量。
