Lipkus I M, Kuchibhatla M, McBride C M, Bosworth H B, Pollak K I, Siegler I C, Rimer B K
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Sep;9(9):973-5.
When trying to predict breast cancer screening, it may be important to understand the relationships between perceived breast cancer risks and worries about getting breast cancer. This study examines the extent to which women's worries about breast cancer correlate with perceptions of both absolute (assessment of own) and comparative (self versus other) 10-year and lifetime risks. As part of a larger randomized intervention trial concerning hormone replacement therapy, 581 women participated in a telephone baseline survey to assess their perceptions of breast cancer risks and worries. Worries about getting breast cancer in the next 10 years and in one's lifetime were related positively to both absolute and comparative 10-year and lifetime risks. The magnitude of these relationships did not differ by time frame. Worry about breast cancer is a function of both how a woman views her own risk and how she compares her risk with that of other women. Some practitioners may encourage women to get screened for breast cancer by using emotional appeals, such as heightening women's worries about breast cancer by using risk information. Our data suggest that they should give careful consideration how best to combine, if at all, information about absolute and comparative risks. For example, if the motivation to screen is based on a sequential assessment of risk beginning with comparative and then absolute risk, creating communications that heighten perceived risk on both of these risk dimensions may be needed to evoke sufficient worry to initiate breast cancer screening.
在试图预测乳腺癌筛查行为时，了解感知到的乳腺癌风险与对患乳腺癌的担忧之间的关系可能很重要。本研究考察了女性对乳腺癌的担忧在多大程度上与对绝对风险（自身风险评估）和比较风险（自我与他人比较）的10年及终生风险认知相关。作为一项关于激素替代疗法的大型随机干预试验的一部分，581名女性参与了一项电话基线调查，以评估她们对乳腺癌风险的认知和担忧。对未来10年及一生中患乳腺癌的担忧与绝对和比较的10年及终生风险均呈正相关。这些关系的强度在不同时间框架下并无差异。对乳腺癌的担忧既取决于女性如何看待自己的风险，也取决于她如何将自己的风险与其他女性的风险进行比较。一些从业者可能会通过情感诉求鼓励女性进行乳腺癌筛查，比如利用风险信息加剧女性对乳腺癌的担忧。我们的数据表明，他们应该仔细考虑如何最好地（如果需要的话）将绝对风险和比较风险信息结合起来。例如，如果筛查的动机基于对风险的顺序评估，先从比较风险开始，然后是绝对风险，那么可能需要创建能够提高这两个风险维度上感知风险的沟通方式，以引发足够的担忧来启动乳腺癌筛查。
