Reichart P A
Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Radiology Center for Dentistry, University Clinic Charité, Berlin, Germany.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000 Oct;28(5):390-8. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.028005390.x.
To determine prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a cross-sectional study among aging Germans.
Three specially trained dental teams examined adults (35-44 yrs, Group 1) and senior individuals (65-74 yrs, Group 2) in 90 sample points of which 60 were located in the former West and 30 in the former East part of Germany. The spectrum comprised 28 different oral lesions with subforms.
655 individuals in Group 1 (35-44 yrs) and 1367 individuals in Group 2 (65-74 yrs) were studied. 33.8% (Group 1) and 33.9% (Group 2) were without any pathology of the oral mucosa. Several lesions were not recorded in both Groups like oral hairy leukoplakia and gingival hyperplasia (Group 1 and two) and xerostomia (Group 1). In Group 1 history for labial herpetic lesions (31.7%), Fordyce granules (26.6%), history for recurrent aphthous ulceration (18.3%) and lip and/or cheek biting (10.1%) were recorded. In Group 2 Fordyce granules (23.7%), history of labial herpes (20.0%), plicated tongue (19.0%) and denture stomatitis (18.3%) were those lesions most frequently recorded. Leukoplakia was seen in 1.8% (West) and 0.9% (East) respectively; men were more often affected than women (2.3% versus 0.0% P<0.05, Group 1; 2.3% versus 0.9%, Group 2. There was association between the prevalence of leukoplakia and a lower (3.3%) or higher educational level (0.5%). Denture associated lesions were seen in 18.3% (Group 2) compared to 2.5% (Group 1) (P<0.001). Other age-related lesions were lip and/or cheek biting being more prevalent in Group 1 10.1% versus 1.9% (P<0.001), plicated tongue 19.0% in Group 2 versus 3.8% in Group 1 (P<0.001).
The present study has shown prevalence to be comparable to other relevant Western European studies. Since the spectrum of oral mucosal lesions changes with age and increases with general morbidity, routine examinations of oral cavities of the aging are mandatory particularly to detect early precancerous and other mucosal lesions.
在一项针对德国老年人的横断面研究中确定口腔黏膜病变的患病率。
三个经过专门培训的牙科团队对成年人（35 - 44岁，第1组）和老年人（65 - 74岁，第2组）进行了检查，在90个采样点进行，其中60个位于德国前西部地区，30个位于德国前东部地区。病变范围包括28种不同的口腔病变及其亚型。
对第1组（35 - 44岁）的655人和第2组（65 - 74岁）的1367人进行了研究。第1组33.8%和第2组33.9%的人没有任何口腔黏膜病变。两组均未记录到一些病变，如口腔毛状白斑和牙龈增生（第1组和第2组）以及口干症（第1组）。在第1组中，记录到唇疱疹病史（31.7%）、福代斯颗粒（26.6%）、复发性阿弗他溃疡病史（18.3%）以及唇和/或颊咬伤（10.1%）。在第2组中，最常记录到的病变是福代斯颗粒（23.7%）、唇疱疹病史（20.0%）、皱襞舌（19.0%）和义齿性口炎（18.3%）。白斑在西部地区的患病率为1.8%，在东部地区为0.9%；男性比女性更易患病（第1组：2.3%对0.0%，P<0.05；第2组：2.3%对0.9%）。白斑患病率与较低（3.3%）或较高（0.5%）的教育水平之间存在关联。与义齿相关的病变在第2组中的患病率为18.3%，而在第1组中为2.5%（P<0.001）。其他与年龄相关的病变包括唇和/或颊咬伤，在第1组中更为普遍（10.1%对1.9%，P<0.001），第2组中的皱襞舌患病率为19.0%，而第1组为3.8%（P<0.001）。
本研究表明患病率与其他相关的西欧研究相当。由于口腔黏膜病变的范围随年龄变化且随总体发病率增加，因此对老年人进行口腔常规检查是必要的，特别是为了早期发现癌前病变和其他黏膜病变。
