Gogate L J, Bahrick L E, Watson J D
Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Brooklyn, 11203, USA.
Child Dev. 2000 Jul-Aug;71(4):878-94. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00197.
This study examined European American and Hispanic American mothers' multimodal communication to their infants (N = 24). The infants were from three age groups representing three levels of lexical-mapping development: prelexical (5 to 8 months), early-lexical (9 to 17 months), and advanced-lexical (21 to 30 months). Mothers taught their infants four target (novel) words by using distinct objects during a semistructured play episode. Recent research suggests that young infants rely on temporal synchrony to learn syllable-object relations, but later, the role of synchrony diminishes. Thus, mothers' target and nontarget naming were coded for synchrony and other communication styles. The results indicated that mothers used target words more often than nontarget words in synchrony with object motion and sometimes touch. Thus, "multimodal motherese" likely highlights target word-referent relations for infants. Further, mothers tailored their communication to infants' level of lexical-mapping development. Mothers of prelexical infants used target words in synchrony with object motion more often than mothers of early- and advanced-lexical infants. Mothers' decreasing use of synchrony across age parallels infants' decreasing reliance on synchrony, suggesting a dynamical and reciprocal environment-organismic relation.
本研究考察了欧美裔和西班牙裔美国母亲与婴儿的多模态交流（N = 24）。这些婴儿来自三个年龄组，分别代表词汇映射发展的三个水平：前词汇阶段（5至8个月）、早期词汇阶段（9至17个月）和高级词汇阶段（21至30个月）。母亲们在半结构化游戏环节中通过使用不同的物体向婴儿教授四个目标（新）单词。近期研究表明，年幼的婴儿依靠时间同步来学习音节与物体的关系，但后来，同步的作用会减弱。因此，对母亲的目标命名和非目标命名进行了同步性及其他交流方式的编码。结果表明，母亲在与物体运动及有时的触摸同步时，使用目标单词的频率高于非目标单词。因此，“多模态妈妈语”可能会向婴儿突出目标单词与所指对象的关系。此外，母亲会根据婴儿的词汇映射发展水平调整其交流方式。前词汇阶段婴儿的母亲比早期和高级词汇阶段婴儿的母亲更频繁地在与物体运动同步时使用目标单词。母亲随年龄增长对同步性的使用减少，这与婴儿对同步性的依赖减少相平行，表明存在一种动态的、相互的环境与机体的关系。
