Operative and postoperative choledochofiberoscopy.

Choledochofiberoscopy is effective for both diagnosis and therapy. It is a valuable diagnostic technic because it permits a definite diagnosis and it allows the surgeon to determine the operative method by direct viewing and by biopsy of the biliary tract wall. Choledochofiberoscopy is therapeutically valuable because it permits cleaning of the bile duct, the removal of retained or remnant stones in the common and intrahepatic ducts, and the removal of granuloma and benign tumor with forceps under direct vision.