Lutalo T, Kidugavu M, Wawer M J, Serwadda D, Zabin L S, Gray R H
Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe.
Stud Fam Plann. 2000 Sep;31(3):217-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4465.2000.00217.x.
A prospective study conducted between 1995 and 1998 assessed trends in contraceptive use in rural Rakai District, Uganda. Over a period of 30 months, women's use of modern contraceptives increased significantly from 11 percent to 20 percent. Male condom use increased from 10 percent to 17 percent. The prevalence of pregnancy among sexually active women 15-49 declined significantly from 15 percent to 13 percent. Women practicing family planning for pregnancy prevention were predominantly in the 20-39-year age group, married, better educated, and had higher parity than others, whereas women or men adopting condoms were predominantly young, unmarried, and better educated. Condom use was particularly high among individuals reporting multiple sexual partners or extramarital relationships. Contraceptive use was higher among women who desired fewer children, among those who wished to space or terminate childbearing, and among women with previous experience of unwanted births or abortions. Self-perception of HIV risk increased condom use, but HIV testing and counseling had only modest effects. Contraception for pregnancy prevention and for HIV/STD prophylaxis are complementary.
1995年至1998年间进行的一项前瞻性研究评估了乌干达拉凯区农村地区避孕措施的使用趋势。在30个月的时间里，女性使用现代避孕方法的比例从11%显著增加到20%。男性使用避孕套的比例从10%增加到17%。15至49岁性活跃女性的怀孕率从15%显著下降到13%。采取计划生育以预防怀孕的女性主要集中在20至39岁年龄组，已婚，受教育程度较高，且生育胎次高于其他人，而采用避孕套的女性或男性主要是年轻人，未婚，且受教育程度较高。在报告有多个性伴侣或婚外性关系的人群中，避孕套的使用率特别高。想要更少孩子的女性、希望间隔生育或终止生育的女性以及有过意外生育或流产经历的女性，其避孕措施的使用率更高。对感染艾滋病毒风险的自我认知增加了避孕套的使用，但艾滋病毒检测和咨询的效果有限。预防怀孕的避孕措施与预防艾滋病毒/性传播感染的措施相辅相成。
