Kersnik J
Department of Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 4280 Kranjska Gora, Slovenia.
Fam Pract. 2000 Oct;17(5):389-93. doi: 10.1093/fampra/17.5.389.
Home visits are an important way of delivering primary health care, but there is a long-term decrease in home visit rates in many countries.
The aim of this study was to evaluate patient characteristics, morbidity, functional status, quality of life, satisfaction with care, practice characteristics and health care utilization in general practice patients visited at home at least once in a study year.
The design of the study was a cross-sectional survey of the patients of a stratified sample of 36 GP offices in Slovenia using a self-administered questionnaire. Sixty consecutive patients in sampled practices contacting the doctor in the office in the study period in March 1998 were included in the analysis. The age, sex, educational status, residence, presence of chronic condition, measures of anxiety or depressive symptoms, rates of patients who expressed a need for emergency care in 1 year, rates of self-care, measures of functional status, quality of life, satisfaction with care, rates of using GP practice visits and out-of-hours services and rates of using specialist or hospital services were recorded in a home-visited group versus a non-visited group.
A total of 277 patients (15.4%) were reported to have at least one visit in the study year. Patients visited in their homes were older, predominantly female, better educated, had lower perceptions of their functional status and well-being and they used primary health services more frequently than others. Their GPs were more likely to be males, and were more likely to practise in rural areas, in solo practices as private practitioners.
Home visits remain an important part of GP work in countries in transition, such as Slovenia, especially for more seriously ill patients.
家访是提供初级卫生保健的重要方式，但许多国家的家访率长期呈下降趋势。
本研究旨在评估在研究年度内至少接受过一次家访的全科医疗患者的患者特征、发病率、功能状态、生活质量、对护理的满意度、执业特征以及医疗保健利用情况。
本研究采用横断面调查，通过自填式问卷对斯洛文尼亚36家全科医生诊所分层抽样的患者进行调查。分析纳入了1998年3月研究期间在抽样诊所连续60名到诊所就诊的患者。记录家访组与未家访组患者的年龄、性别、教育程度、居住地、慢性病状况、焦虑或抑郁症状测量值、1年内表示需要紧急护理的患者比例、自我护理比例、功能状态测量值、生活质量、对护理的满意度、使用全科医生诊所就诊和非工作时间服务的比例以及使用专科或医院服务的比例。
据报告，共有277名患者（15.4%）在研究年度至少接受过一次家访。在家中接受家访的患者年龄较大，以女性为主，受教育程度较高，对自身功能状态和幸福感的认知较低，且比其他人更频繁地使用初级卫生服务。他们的全科医生更可能是男性，更可能在农村地区独自执业。
在家访仍然是转型国家（如斯洛文尼亚）全科医生工作的重要组成部分，特别是对于病情较重的患者。
