在一个上涌流系统中，单孢子虫寄生虫MSX（尼尔森单孢子虫）向东部牡蛎（美洲牡蛎）的传播。
Transmission of the haplosporidian parasite MSX Haplosporidium nelsoni to the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica in an upweller system.
作者信息
Sunila I, Karolus J, Lang E P, Mroczka M E, Volk J
机构信息
State of Connecticut, Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Aquaculture, Milford, Connecticut 06460, USA.
出版信息
Dis Aquat Organ. 2000 Aug 31;42(2):153-5. doi: 10.3354/dao042153.
The haplosporidian oyster parasite MSX (Multinucleated Sphere X) Haplosporidium nelsoni was transmitted to eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica. Hatchery-raised, MSX-free juvenile oysters were placed in upweller tanks. Water to the tanks was filtered through a screen with 1 mm2 openings and originated from the water column overlaying naturally infected oysters beds (MSX prevalence 17 to 57%). MSX was diagnosed by histopathological analysis. MSX-disease (57% prevalence) with increased mortality (19%) was observed 11 wk after the beginning of the exposure and mortality of 80% after 16 wk. The study demonstrates transmission of MSX via water-borne infectious agents capable of passing through a 1 mm filter.
单孢子虫纲的牡蛎寄生虫MSX（多核球体X），即尼尔森单孢子虫，被传播到了美国东海岸牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）中。将孵化场培育的、无MSX的幼年牡蛎放置在升流养殖池中。进入养殖池的水通过一个具有1平方毫米开口的筛网进行过滤，水源来自覆盖自然感染牡蛎床的水柱（MSX感染率为17%至57%）。通过组织病理学分析诊断出MSX。在暴露开始11周后观察到MSX疾病（感染率57%），死亡率增加（19%），16周后死亡率达到80%。该研究证明了MSX可通过能够穿过1毫米过滤器的水传播感染因子进行传播。
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