Sedation, analgesia and anesthesia for interventional radiological procedures in adults. Part II. Recommendations for interventional radiologists.

Benzodiazepines are given orally as a premedication before an interventional radiological procedure. Local analgesia is achieved by drugs such as lidocaine, bupivacaine or ropivacaine. General analgesia is obtained by non opioid analgesics and opioid narcotics. For intravenous sedation, benzodiazepines such as ketamine or propofol should be administered under the supervision of an anesthesiologist. A preprocedure consultation with the anesthesiologist is recommended. Monitoring equipments, drugs and nursing staff assistance should be provided in the interventional suite. Vital signs should be monitored for several hours until patient's discharge. Close collaboration between anesthesiologists and interventional radiologists is a prerequisite for achieving high standard sedation and analgesia.