Smetana J G, Abernethy A, Harris A
Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
J Fam Psychol. 2000 Sep;14(3):458-74. doi: 10.1037//0893-3200.14.3.458.
Family interactions were examined longitudinally over 2 years in 79 middle-class African American families with early adolescents. Mothers and adolescents (as well as fathers and adolescents and triads in 2-parent families) were videotaped discussing a conflict for 10 min. A macro-coding system (J. G. Smetana, J. Yau, A. Restrepo, & J. L. Braeges, 1991) was modified to be culturally sensitive to African American families. Interaction ratings were reduced, through principal-components analyses, into composite variables. After control for family income, mothers' communication in triadic interactions became less positive over time. Both mothers' and fathers' communication was more positive in dyadic than triadic interactions. In triadic interactions, mothers validated sons more than daughters, and in dyadic interactions with either parent, boys were more receptive to parents than were girls. Findings extend previous research on adolescent-parent relationships to African American families.
对79个有青春期早期孩子的中产阶级非裔美国家庭进行了为期两年的纵向家庭互动研究。母亲和青少年（以及双亲家庭中的父亲和青少年及三人组合）被录像，就一个冲突话题进行10分钟的讨论。一个宏观编码系统（J.G. 斯梅塔纳、J. 姚、A. 雷斯特雷波和J.L. 布雷格斯，1991年）经过修改，使其对非裔美国家庭具有文化敏感性。通过主成分分析，将互动评分简化为综合变量。在控制家庭收入后，随着时间的推移，母亲在三人互动中的沟通变得不那么积极。在二元互动中，母亲和父亲的沟通都比三人互动更积极。在三人互动中，母亲对儿子的肯定多于女儿，在与父母任何一方的二元互动中，男孩比女孩更能接受父母的意见。研究结果将先前关于青少年与父母关系的研究扩展到了非裔美国家庭。
