Mbulaiteye S M, Ruberantwari A, Nakiyingi J S, Carpenter L M, Kamali A, Whitworth J A
Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda.
Int J Epidemiol. 2000 Oct;29(5):911-5. doi: 10.1093/ije/29.5.911.
To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and HIV sero-positivity in a rural Ugandan population.
The adult population residing in a cluster of 15 neighbouring villages has been kept under epidemiological surveillance for HIV infection using annual censuses and sero-surveys since 1989. At the eighth annual survey all respondents were asked about their history of alcohol consumption, the sale of alcohol in their household, and other socio-demographic information. After informed consent, blood was drawn for HIV serology.
Of the total adult population 3279 (60%) were interviewed; 48% were males; 905 (27%) had not started sexual activity and were excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 2374, 8% were HIV infected, 57% had ever drunk alcohol, and 4% lived in households where alcohol was sold. Living in a household where alcohol was sold was associated with a history of having ever drunk alcohol (OR 2.9, 95% CI : 1.7-4.8). HIV prevalence among adults living in households selling alcohol was 15% compared with 8% among those living in households not selling alcohol (OR 2.0, 95% CI : 1.1-3.6). Individuals who had ever drunk alcohol experienced an HIV prevalence twice that of those who had never drunk, 10% versus 5% (OR 2.0, 95% CI : 1.5-2.8). This association remained after adjusting for potential confounders including sale of alcohol in the household and Muslim religion (OR 1.8, 95% CI : 1.2-2.7). Only age, marital status and having ever drunk alcohol independently predicted HIV sero-positivity in a logistic regression model.
We have demonstrated an association between a history of alcohol consumption and being HIV sero-positive. This unexplored factor may explain in part the observed lower prevalence of HIV infection among Muslims. Public health campaigns need to stress the relationship between HIV and alcohol.
调查乌干达农村人口中饮酒与艾滋病毒血清阳性之间的关联。
自1989年以来，通过年度普查和血清学调查，对居住在15个相邻村庄集群中的成年人口进行艾滋病毒感染的流行病学监测。在第八次年度调查中，询问了所有受访者的饮酒史、家庭中酒类销售情况以及其他社会人口学信息。在获得知情同意后，采集血液进行艾滋病毒血清学检测。
在成年总人口中，3279人（60%）接受了访谈；48%为男性；905人（27%）尚未开始性行为，被排除在进一步分析之外。在其余2374人中，8%感染了艾滋病毒，57%曾饮酒，4%生活在有酒类销售的家庭中。生活在有酒类销售的家庭与曾饮酒史相关（比值比2.9，95%可信区间：1.7 - 4.8）。生活在有酒类销售家庭中的成年人艾滋病毒感染率为15%，而生活在无酒类销售家庭中的成年人感染率为8%（比值比2.0，95%可信区间：1.1 - 3.6）。曾饮酒者的艾滋病毒感染率是从未饮酒者的两倍，分别为10%和5%（比值比2.0，95%可信区间：1.5 - 2.8）。在对包括家庭酒类销售和穆斯林宗教信仰等潜在混杂因素进行调整后，这种关联仍然存在（比值比1.8，95%可信区间：1.2 - 2.7）。在逻辑回归模型中，只有年龄、婚姻状况和曾饮酒史能独立预测艾滋病毒血清阳性。
我们证明了饮酒史与艾滋病毒血清阳性之间存在关联。这一未被探索的因素可能部分解释了观察到的穆斯林中艾滋病毒感染率较低的现象。公共卫生运动需要强调艾滋病毒与酒精之间的关系。
