Aurin M
Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, USA.
Med Anthropol Q. 2000 Sep;14(3):414-41. doi: 10.1525/maq.2000.14.3.414.
Many things to many people, opium has played a role in the emergence of several power bases in the United States. In turn, these bases of power have shaped what opium is for the rest of us. Allopathic medicine brought opium and its derivatives under its control around the turn of the century, promulgating "addiction theory" and addiction clinics as part of its rise to preeminence among rival forms of medicine. Opium also played a role in the U.S.'s international economic and imperialistic ascendance. When politicians began to deploy a new discourse on opium early in this century, they were able to appropriate medical rhetoric. As the politics of opium heated up, some doctors were able to exploit the emerging politically inspired discourse to generate a subtly different medical knowledge of opiates and addiction while establishing a new subdiscipline with the political support of lawmakers and state institutions.
对许多人来说，鸦片在美国几个权力基础的形成过程中都发挥了作用。反过来，这些权力基础又塑造了我们其他人眼中的鸦片形象。大约在世纪之交，对抗疗法医学将鸦片及其衍生物纳入其控制之下，宣扬“成瘾理论”并设立成瘾诊所，以此作为其在众多竞争医学形式中崛起至卓越地位的一部分。鸦片在美国的国际经济和帝国主义崛起过程中也发挥了作用。当政治家们在本世纪初开始部署关于鸦片的新话语时，他们能够挪用医学言辞。随着鸦片政治升温，一些医生能够利用新兴的受政治启发的话语，在立法者和国家机构的政治支持下建立一个新的子学科的同时，生成一种关于鸦片制剂和成瘾的略有不同的医学知识。
