Hermans H J
Department of Psychology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Clin Psychol. 1999 Oct;55(10):1193-211. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199910)55:10<1193::AID-JCLP3>3.0.CO;2-I.
Starting from the metaphor of the person as a motivated storyteller, a theory of meaning construction and reconstruction is presented. Two motives are assumed to be particularly influential in the process of meaning construction: The striving for self-enhancement and the longing for contact and union with somebody or something else. A self-confrontation method is discussed and illustrated, enabling clients to perform, in close cooperation with the psychotherapist, a self-investigation on the content and organization of their personal meaning units. The method represents a gradual transition between assessment and change. Three functions of the method are discussed: assessment, process promotion, and evaluation. These functions are illustrated with a diversity of clinical phenomena: the finding of a central theme in the client's self-narrative, the experience of hopelessness and helplessness, the organized nature of depression, and the construction of a scenario for emerging from a depressive state. Finally, the multivoiced and dialogical nature of the self is illustrated by the dream of a murderer who was perceived by the client as both inside and outside the self. Special attention is given to the shifting boundaries between self and nonself.
从将人比喻为有动机的故事讲述者出发，提出了一种意义建构与重构的理论。在意义建构过程中，假定有两种动机具有特别重要的影响：追求自我提升以及渴望与他人或他物建立联系与融合。文中讨论并举例说明了一种自我对抗方法，该方法能使来访者与心理治疗师密切合作，对其个人意义单元的内容和组织进行自我探究。该方法代表了评估与改变之间的渐进过渡。文中讨论了该方法的三个功能：评估、促进过程和评价。通过多种临床现象对这些功能进行了说明：在来访者的自我叙述中找到核心主题、绝望和无助的体验、抑郁的组织性质以及构建摆脱抑郁状态的情境。最后，通过一个被来访者视为存在于自我内外的杀人犯的梦境，说明了自我的多声性和对话性本质。文中特别关注了自我与非自我之间不断变化的界限。
