Sanson M, Marie Y, Huguet S, He J, Hoang-Xuan K
Fédération neurologique Mazarin et INSERM U495, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Morphologie. 2000 Jun;84(265):51-5.
Because of the absence of specific marker, the histological classification of gliomas remain controversial. Identifying the genetic alterations involved in gliomas makes it possible to define specific molecular pathway of tumoral progression and to define markers of prognostic and diagnostic relevance. For example, p53 mutations are frequent in low grade astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and secondary glioblastoma suggesting that it takes place at an early stage of development of astrocytic tumors, whereas inactivation of PTEN arises mainly in glioblastomas and EGFR amplification is preferentially associated with "de novo" glioblastoma. Loss of chromosomes 1p and 19q characterizes oligodendroglial tumors. However the putative tumor suppressor genes located on 1p and 19q and specifically inactivated are not known yet. Emerging technologies, like microarrays and microdissection, will allow to refine molecular data and provide a molecular classification of gliomas mechanism involved in the repair of the respiratory epithelium.
由于缺乏特异性标志物，胶质瘤的组织学分类仍存在争议。确定胶质瘤中涉及的基因改变，使得定义肿瘤进展的特定分子途径以及确定具有预后和诊断相关性的标志物成为可能。例如，p53突变在低级别星形细胞瘤、间变性星形细胞瘤和继发性胶质母细胞瘤中很常见，这表明其发生在星形细胞肿瘤发展的早期阶段，而PTEN的失活主要发生在胶质母细胞瘤中，EGFR扩增则优先与“原发性”胶质母细胞瘤相关。染色体1p和19q的缺失是少突胶质细胞瘤的特征。然而，位于1p和19q上且特异性失活的假定肿瘤抑制基因尚不清楚。诸如微阵列和显微切割等新兴技术，将有助于完善分子数据，并提供胶质瘤的分子分类，以及参与呼吸上皮修复的机制。
