Jiménez M A, Martín A R, García J R
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cádiz, Spain.
Eur J Epidemiol. 2000 Jun;16(6):527-32. doi: 10.1023/a:1007680005731.
Pregnancy in adolescence constitutes the main public health problem for this age group, in some countries. The health problems derived from adolescent pregnancy, birth and neonatal attention depend more on factors of social and environmental risk than on physiological and biological risk factors in adolescence. A descriptive study has been conducted of adolescent and adult mothers in Cádiz, Spain, who attended Family Planning Clinic during 1994. By means of multistage, stratified random sampling, 590 women were selected: 305 adolescent mothers between 15 and 19 years of age, and 285 adult mothers of 20 years and over. Various questionnaires were applied to the women, covering: sociodemographic characteristics; pregnancy and birth; family and social support (Duke-Inc and Apgar family); evolution of the health of the baby; and maternal knowledge of child care. Sociodemographically, significant differences (p > 0.01) were obtained in: marital status (more unmarried among adolescents); living in parents' home; fewer working; abandonment of education. No differences were observed in respect of the number of check-ups received during pregnancy. Adult mothers consumed significantly more toxic substances (tobacco, alcohol and drugs) during pregnancy. No differences were appreciated in respect of the birth, or health of the neonate. In adolescents, there was significantly more breastfeeding (p > 0.01) compared with adult mothers, 61.6% (56-67%) and 34% (28.5-34.5%), respectively. Pregnancy in adolescence appears to constitute a psychosocial problem rather than a biological risk.
在一些国家，青少年怀孕是该年龄组主要的公共卫生问题。青少年怀孕、分娩及新生儿护理所产生的健康问题更多取决于社会和环境风险因素，而非青少年时期的生理和生物学风险因素。对1994年期间前往西班牙加的斯市计划生育诊所的青少年母亲和成年母亲进行了一项描述性研究。通过多阶段分层随机抽样，选取了590名女性：305名年龄在15至19岁之间的青少年母亲，以及285名20岁及以上的成年母亲。对这些女性应用了各种问卷，内容涵盖：社会人口学特征；怀孕和分娩；家庭和社会支持（杜克-因克和阿普加家庭量表）；婴儿健康状况的演变；以及母亲的育儿知识。在社会人口学方面，在以下方面获得了显著差异（p>0.01）：婚姻状况（青少年中未婚者更多）；与父母同住；工作较少；放弃学业。在孕期接受检查的次数方面未观察到差异。成年母亲在孕期摄入的有毒物质（烟草、酒精和毒品）明显更多。在分娩或新生儿健康方面未发现差异。与成年母亲相比，青少年中的母乳喂养比例显著更高（p>0.01），分别为61.6%（56-67%）和34%（28.5-34.5%）。青少年怀孕似乎构成的是一个社会心理问题，而非生物学风险。
