Johnsrude C L
Northwestern University Medical School, Division of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Service, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
Pediatr Cardiol. 2000 Nov-Dec;21(6):522-31. doi: 10.1007/s002460010130.
Syncope is the abrupt loss of consciousness and postural tone that reverses without intervention. Typically, syncopal episodes in pediatric patients are brief, lasting seconds (rarely minutes), and are followed by complete recovery without residual neurological sequelae. Syncopal presentations may be dramatic and lead family members and primary care providers to suspect a malignant cardiac condition, prompting referral to a pediatric cardiologist. Significant advances in the understanding of syncope in infants, children, and adolescents have occurred in the past decade. This review emphasizes neurally mediated syncope, but other etiologies are reviewed to complete the spectrum encountered by pediatric cardiologists. Some clues are provided to distinguish the more common and benign forms of syncope from those due to significant underlying heart disease.
晕厥是指意识和姿势张力突然丧失，无需干预即可自行恢复。通常，儿科患者的晕厥发作短暂，持续数秒（很少持续数分钟），发作后可完全恢复，无神经后遗症。晕厥的表现可能很明显，会导致家庭成员和初级保健提供者怀疑患有恶性心脏疾病，从而促使转诊至儿科心脏病专家处。在过去十年中，对婴儿、儿童和青少年晕厥的认识有了重大进展。本综述重点关注神经介导性晕厥，但也对其他病因进行了综述，以完善儿科心脏病专家所遇到的各种病因。文中提供了一些线索，以区分较常见的良性晕厥形式与由严重潜在心脏病引起的晕厥。
