蝶蚁共生关系中的诱导间接防御：互利共生中一种资源的调控
Induced indirect defence in a lycaenid-ant association: the regulation of a resource in a mutualism.
作者信息
Agrawal A A, Fordyce J A
机构信息
Department of Botany, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
出版信息
Proc Biol Sci. 2000 Sep 22;267(1455):1857-61. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1221.
Indirect defences involve the protection of a host organism by a mutualistic partner. Threat of predation to the host organism may induce the production of rewards and/or signals that attract the mutualistic partner. In laboratory and field experiments we show that threatened lycaenid butterfly larvae (Plebejus acmon) produce more nectar rewards from their gland and were tended by protective ants twice as much as controls. Ant attendance did not affect the leaf consumption or feeding behaviour of larvae in the absence of predators. Inducible nectar production and indirect defence in this system may be a mechanism by which larvae provide rewards for services when they are needed the most. Such a system may stabilize the mutualistic association between lycaenid larvae and ants by preventing exploitation by either partner.
间接防御是指互利共生伙伴对宿主生物体的保护。对宿主生物体的捕食威胁可能会诱导产生吸引互利共生伙伴的奖励和/或信号。在实验室和野外实验中，我们发现受到威胁的灰蝶幼虫（金斑蛱蝶）会从其腺体分泌出更多花蜜作为奖励，并且受到保护蚂蚁照料的频率是对照组的两倍。在没有捕食者的情况下，蚂蚁的照料不会影响幼虫的叶片消耗量或取食行为。在这个系统中，可诱导的花蜜分泌和间接防御可能是一种机制，通过这种机制，幼虫在最需要的时候为所获得的服务提供奖励。这样的系统可能通过防止任何一方的剥削来稳定灰蝶幼虫与蚂蚁之间的互利共生关系。
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