Amusquivar E, Rupérez F J, Barbas C, Herrera E
Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y Técnicas, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, E-28668 Boadilla del Monte (Madrid), Spain.
J Nutr. 2000 Nov;130(11):2855-65. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.11.2855.
This study was designed to compare in rats the effects of dietary fish oil and olive oil during pregnancy and lactation on offspring development, fatty acid profile and vitamin E concentration. From d 0 of pregnancy, female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups that were fed purified diets that differed only in their nonvitamin lipid components. One diet contained 10 g fish oil/100 g diet (FOD), whereas the other contained 10 g olive oil/100 g diet (OOD). At d 20 of gestation, maternal adipose tissue fatty acid profile did not differ between rats fed the two diets, whereas both maternal and fetal plasma and liver arachidonic acid (AA) contents were proportionally lower and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid contents were higher in the FOD group than in the OOD group. alpha-Tocopherol concentration was lower in maternal and fetal plasma, liver and brain in the FOD group than in the OOD group. The postnatal increase in body weight and length was less and body and psychomotor maturation indices were delayed in pups from FOD-fed dams compared with those from OOD-fed dams. This difference was maintained when pups were cross-fostered at birth, with the delay in postnatal development present in the pups suckling dams fed FOD during lactation. At age 21 d, pups suckling dams fed FOD had lower AA and higher EPA and DHA concentrations in brain phospholipids. Although alpha-tocopherol in plasma and liver was lower in pups suckling dams fed FOD rather than OOD, brain alpha-tocopherol concentrations did not differ. Milk yield and milk alpha-tocopherol and AA concentrations were lower and EPA and DHA were higher in the milk of dams fed FOD compared with those fed OOD. Postnatal development indices and the proportion of plasma, liver and brain AA concentrations, although not plasma, liver and brain alpha-tocopherol concentrations, recovered to the values found in dams fed OOD when the FOD was supplemented with gamma-linolenic acid. However, postnatal development indices were not recovered when the FOD was supplemented with sufficient exogenous vitamin E to increase plasma and liver alpha-tocopherol concentrations above those in dams fed OOD. Thus, although feeding FOD during pregnancy and lactation decreases both alpha-tocopherol and AA concentrations, the latter deficiency rather than the former seems to be responsible for delayed postnatal development of rat pups.
本研究旨在比较大鼠孕期和哺乳期膳食中鱼油和橄榄油对后代发育、脂肪酸谱及维生素E浓度的影响。从孕期第0天起，将雌性斯普拉格-道利大鼠分为两组，分别喂食仅非维生素脂质成分不同的纯化日粮。一种日粮含有10 g鱼油/100 g日粮（FOD），另一种含有10 g橄榄油/100 g日粮（OOD）。在妊娠第20天，喂食两种日粮的大鼠母体脂肪组织脂肪酸谱无差异，但FOD组母体和胎儿血浆及肝脏中的花生四烯酸（AA）含量成比例较低，二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）含量高于OOD组。FOD组母体和胎儿血浆、肝脏及脑中的α-生育酚浓度低于OOD组。与OOD组母鼠所产幼崽相比，FOD组母鼠所产幼崽出生后体重和体长增加较少，身体和精神运动成熟指数延迟。幼崽出生时交叉寄养后，这种差异仍然存在，即哺乳期吸食FOD日粮母鼠乳汁的幼崽出生后发育延迟。在21日龄时，吸食FOD日粮母鼠乳汁的幼崽脑磷脂中的AA含量较低，EPA和DHA浓度较高。虽然吸食FOD日粮母鼠乳汁的幼崽血浆和肝脏中的α-生育酚低于吸食OOD日粮母鼠乳汁的幼崽，但脑α-生育酚浓度无差异。与喂食OOD的母鼠相比，喂食FOD的母鼠产奶量、乳汁α-生育酚和AA浓度较低，乳汁中EPA和DHA较高。当FOD日粮补充γ-亚麻酸后，出生后发育指标以及血浆、肝脏和脑中AA浓度的比例（血浆、肝脏和脑α-生育酚浓度除外）恢复到喂食OOD日粮母鼠的水平。然而，当FOD日粮补充足够的外源维生素E使血浆和肝脏α-生育酚浓度高于喂食OOD日粮母鼠时，出生后发育指标并未恢复。因此，虽然孕期和哺乳期喂食FOD会降低α-生育酚和AA浓度，但似乎是后者而非前者导致幼鼠出生后发育延迟。
