Karkowski L M, Prescott C A, Kendler K S
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Am J Med Genet. 2000 Oct 9;96(5):665-70.
Although familial factors have been shown to influence drug use, abuse, and dependence, little is known about the common and specific factors that influence polysubstance use and misuse. Our objective was to assess whether there are genetic and environmental factors specific to each substance or whether there are factors that predispose an individual to use of illicit substances in general. Twins from female-female pairs from the Virginia Twin Registry were interviewed by phone to assess lifetime nonmedical use of cannabis, sedatives, stimulants, cocaine, opiates, and hallucinogens. Multivariate, biometrical model-fitting was applied to the data using the Mx computer package. In the best-fitting model, use of all classes of drugs was influenced by a single general genetic factor (common to all substances) and a general familial environmental factor. The magnitude of influence of the general genetic factor ranged from 3% of the variance for opiates to 59% of the variance for cannabis. Some differences were seen from the univariate results, indicating some of the parameter estimates were unstable due to small numbers of concordant pairs. However, generalizations could be made. In women, the substances examined share genetic and familial environmental factors which contribute to the vulnerability to use. Degree of influence of the factors differs for the substances examined. However, no specific genetic or familial environmental factors were found to contribute significantly to use of any of the illicit substances.
尽管家族因素已被证明会影响药物使用、滥用和依赖，但对于影响多种物质使用和滥用的共同及特定因素，我们却知之甚少。我们的目标是评估是否存在针对每种物质的遗传和环境因素，或者是否存在使个体易于普遍使用非法物质的因素。通过电话采访了来自弗吉尼亚双胞胎登记处的女性对女性双胞胎对，以评估她们一生中大麻、镇静剂、兴奋剂、可卡因、阿片类药物和致幻剂的非医疗使用情况。使用Mx计算机软件包对数据进行多变量生物统计学模型拟合。在最佳拟合模型中，所有类别的药物使用都受到一个单一的一般遗传因素（所有物质共有的）和一个一般家族环境因素的影响。一般遗传因素的影响程度从阿片类药物方差的3%到大麻方差的59%不等。与单变量结果相比存在一些差异，这表明由于一致对数量较少，一些参数估计不稳定。然而，仍可进行概括。在女性中，所研究的物质共享遗传和家族环境因素，这些因素导致了使用的易感性。对于所研究的物质，这些因素的影响程度有所不同。然而，未发现特定的遗传或家族环境因素对任何一种非法物质的使用有显著贡献。
