不同水平的10至12岁游泳运动员的血乳酸反应及临界速度

Blood lactate response and critical speed in swimmers aged 10-12 years of different standards.

作者信息

Denadai B S, Greco C C, Teixeira M

机构信息

Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil.

出版信息

J Sports Sci. 2000 Oct;18(10):779-84. doi: 10.1080/026404100419838.

DOI:10.1080/026404100419838

PMID:11055813

Abstract

It has previously been shown that measurement of the critical speed is a non-invasive method of estimating the blood lactate response during exercise. However, its validity in children has yet to be demonstrated. The aims of this study were: (1) to verify if the critical speed determined in accordance with the protocol of Wakayoshi et al. is a non-invasive means of estimating the swimming speed equivalent to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) in children aged 10-12 years; and (2) to establish whether standard of performance has an effect on its determination. Sixteen swimmers were divided into two groups: beginners and trained. They initially completed a protocol for determination of speed equivalent to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1). Later, during training sessions, maximum efforts were swum over distances of 50, 100 and 200 m for the calculation of the critical speed. The speeds equivalent to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) (beginners = 0.82 +/- 0.09 m x s(-1), trained = 1.19 +/- 0.11 m x s(-1); mean +/- s) were significantly faster than the critical speeds (beginners = 0.78 +/- 0.25 m x s(-1), trained = 1.08 +/- 0.04 m x s(-1)) in both groups. There was a high correlation between speed at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) and the critical speed for the beginners (r= 0.96, P < 0.001), but not for the trained group (r= 0.60, P> 0.05). The blood lactate concentration corresponding to the critical speed was 2.7 +/- 1.1 and 3.1 +/- 0.4 mmol x l(-1) for the beginners and trained group respectively. The percent difference between speed at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) and the critical speed was not significantly different between the two groups. At all distances studied, swimming performance was significantly faster in the trained group. Our results suggest that the critical speed underestimates swimming intensity corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) in children aged 10-12 years and that standard of performance does not affect the determination of the critical speed.

摘要

此前已有研究表明，测量临界速度是一种估算运动过程中血乳酸反应的非侵入性方法。然而，其在儿童中的有效性尚未得到证实。本研究的目的是：（1）验证按照胁吉等人的方案确定的临界速度是否是一种非侵入性手段，用于估算10 - 12岁儿童中与血乳酸浓度4 mmol·L⁻¹相当的游泳速度；（2）确定运动表现水平是否对其测定有影响。16名游泳者被分为两组：初学者和训练者。他们最初完成了一项用于确定与血乳酸浓度4 mmol·L⁻¹相当的速度的方案。之后，在训练期间，分别在50米、100米和200米的距离上进行全力游泳以计算临界速度。两组中，与血乳酸浓度4 mmol·L⁻¹相当的速度（初学者 = 0.82 ± 0.09 m·s⁻¹，训练者 = 1.19 ± 0.11 m·s⁻¹；平均值 ± 标准差）均显著快于临界速度（初学者 = 0.78 ± 0.25 m·s⁻¹，训练者 = 1.08 ± 0.04 m·s⁻¹）。对于初学者，血乳酸浓度为4 mmol·L⁻¹时的速度与临界速度之间存在高度相关性（r = 0.96，P < 0.001），但训练者组不存在这种相关性（r = 0.60，P > 0.05）。初学者组和训练者组对应临界速度的血乳酸浓度分别为2.7 ± 1.1和3.1 ± 0.4 mmol·L⁻¹。两组之间血乳酸浓度为4 mmol·L⁻¹时的速度与临界速度的百分比差异无显著差异。在所有研究距离上，训练者组的游泳表现均显著更快。我们的结果表明，临界速度低估了10 - 12岁儿童中与血乳酸浓度4 mmol·L⁻¹相当的游泳强度，并且运动表现水平不影响临界速度的测定。