Danion F, Boyadjian A, Marin L
Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
J Sports Sci. 2000 Oct;18(10):809-14. doi: 10.1080/026404100419865.
The main aim of this study was to determine how gymnasts are affected by the removal of vision when executing simple moves. A secondary aim was to establish whether crucial sensory cues exist for blindfolded gymnasts. Eight expert gymnasts were asked to maintain a straight displacement during three types of blindfolded locomotion: walking, steering a wheelchair and verbally ordering a second person pushing their wheelchair. In the first two conditions, active displacement made proprioceptive cues available to update the body trajectory. In the last condition, however, proprioceptive cues were greatly reduced, since the gymnasts displaced passively. The performance of the gymnasts was compared to that of eight experts in other non-gymnastic sports (control group). The results showed that the participants veered in all conditions. However, except in the verbal condition, the gymnasts departed less from linearity than the controls. We conclude that: (1) even for a simple motor task, gymnasts' performance is altered by eliminating vision; (2) compared with other sportsmen and women, gymnasts are better able to deal with the absence of vision when proprioceptive cues are available. These findings suggest two possible explanations: (1) gymnasts are more able to 'pick up' crucial information and (2) a gymnast's proprioceptive system is more sensitive.
本研究的主要目的是确定体操运动员在执行简单动作时，视觉被剥夺会产生怎样的影响。次要目的是确定蒙眼的体操运动员是否存在关键的感觉线索。八名专业体操运动员被要求在三种蒙眼移动方式中保持直线位移：行走、操纵轮椅以及口头指挥另一个人推动他们的轮椅。在前两种情况下，主动移动使本体感觉线索能够用于更新身体轨迹。然而，在最后一种情况下，由于体操运动员是被动移动，本体感觉线索大大减少。将体操运动员的表现与其他非体操运动项目的八名专家（对照组）进行比较。结果表明，所有情况下参与者都会偏离直线。然而，除了口头指挥的情况外，体操运动员比对照组偏离直线的程度更小。我们得出以下结论：（1）即使对于简单的运动任务，消除视觉也会改变体操运动员的表现；（2）与其他运动员相比，当有本体感觉线索时，体操运动员更能应对视觉缺失的情况。这些发现提出了两种可能的解释：（1）体操运动员更能够“获取”关键信息；（2）体操运动员的本体感觉系统更敏感。
