MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000 Oct 6;49(RR-9):1-35.
In February 2000, a 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine (Prevnar, marketed by Wyeth Lederle Vaccines) was licensed for use among infants and young children. CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that the vaccine be used for all children aged 2-23 months and for children aged 24-59 months who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease (e.g., children with sickle cell disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and other immunocompromising or chronic medical conditions). ACIP also recommends that the vaccine be considered for all other children aged 24-59 months, with priority given to a) children aged 24-35 months, b) children who are of Alaska Native, American Indian, and African-American descent, and c) children who attend group day care centers. This report includes ACIP's recommended vaccination schedule for infants at ages 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months. This report also includes a pneumococcal vaccination schedule for infants and young children who are beginning their vaccination series at an older age and for those who missed doses. In addition, this report updates earlier recommendations for use of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among children aged > or =2 years. Among children aged 24-59 months for whom polysaccharide vaccine is already recommended, ACIP recommends vaccination with the new conjugate vaccine followed, > or =2 months later, by 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine. Conjugate vaccine has not been studied sufficiently among older children or adults to make recommendations for its use among persons aged > or =5 years. Persons aged > or =5 years who are at increased risk for serious pneumococcal disease should continue to receive 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine in accordance with previous ACIP recommendations.
2000年2月，一种7价肺炎球菌多糖蛋白结合疫苗（沛儿，由惠氏莱德勒疫苗公司销售）被批准用于婴幼儿。美国疾病控制与预防中心免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议，该疫苗用于所有2至23个月大的儿童以及24至59个月大且患肺炎球菌疾病风险增加的儿童（例如患有镰状细胞病、人类免疫缺陷病毒感染以及其他免疫功能低下或慢性疾病的儿童）。ACIP还建议考虑为所有其他24至59个月大的儿童接种该疫苗，优先顺序为：a）24至35个月大的儿童；b）阿拉斯加原住民、美洲印第安人和非裔美国人后裔的儿童；c）参加集体日托中心的儿童。本报告包括ACIP建议的2、4、6和12至15个月龄婴儿的疫苗接种时间表。本报告还包括针对开始接种疫苗系列较晚的婴幼儿以及错过接种剂量的婴幼儿的肺炎球菌疫苗接种时间表。此外，本报告更新了此前关于≥2岁儿童使用23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗的建议。对于已建议接种多糖疫苗的24至59个月大的儿童，ACIP建议先接种新的结合疫苗，然后在≥2个月后接种23价多糖疫苗。在大龄儿童或成人中对结合疫苗的研究尚不充分，无法就其在≥5岁人群中的使用提出建议。≥5岁且患严重肺炎球菌疾病风险增加的人群应继续按照ACIP此前的建议接种23价多糖疫苗。
