García-Torres B, García-Calvo Guerrero P
Facultad de Psicologíe, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
Child Abuse Negl. 2000 Sep;24(9):1227-39. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00170-8.
The main purpose of the research was to find the differences between normal and abandoned children's conceptions about mother-child relationships in positive affect attribution, sense of fairness, and locus of responsibility in punishment.
Two groups of abandoned (N = 60) and one group of non-abandoned (N = 36) school-aged children were told six (kind/unkind, mother to child/child to mother) short stories, and were required to answer some questions about the reasons, reactions, and attributions of both protagonists. Children's answers were classified into categories for each question, and proportions of responses were analyzed.
Significant differences between abandoned and non-abandoned children's response categories were found as predicted. Data indicate that abandoned children's working models could be described as showing less positive affect attribution to the mother, more compliant behavior in the child, more justification of the mother when her behavior was unfair, and less successful resources in the child to be on good terms again in the relationship.
The results of this study indicate that abandoned children's conceptions about child-mother relationships present certain peculiarities that may contribute to their present and future difficulties in adapting successfully to their social environment and in developing a healthy sense of self respect.
本研究的主要目的是找出正常儿童与弃儿在积极情感归因、公平感和惩罚责任归属方面对母子关系认知的差异。
两组弃儿（N = 60）和一组非弃儿（N = 36）学龄儿童听了六个（友善/不友善、母亲对孩子/孩子对母亲）短篇故事，并被要求回答关于两个主人公的原因、反应和归因的一些问题。每个问题的儿童答案被分类，分析回答比例。
正如预测的那样，弃儿与非弃儿的回答类别之间存在显著差异。数据表明，弃儿的工作模式可以描述为对母亲的积极情感归因较少、孩子的顺从行为较多、母亲行为不公平时为母亲辩护较多，以及孩子在关系中再次和睦相处的成功资源较少。
本研究结果表明，弃儿对母子关系的认知存在某些特殊性，这可能导致他们目前和未来在成功适应社会环境和培养健康自尊感方面遇到困难。
