Doherty A J, Suh S W
Structural Medicine Unit, Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Mechanisms in Disease, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Nov 1;28(21):4051-8. doi: 10.1093/nar/28.21.4051.
DNA ligases are enzymes required for the repair, replication and recombination of DNA. DNA ligases catalyse the formation of phosphodiester bonds at single-strand breaks in double-stranded DNA. Despite their occurrence in all organisms, DNA ligases show a wide diversity of amino acid sequences, molecular sizes and properties. The enzymes fall into two groups based on their cofactor specificity, those requiring NAD(+) for activity and those requiring ATP. The eukaryotic, viral and archael bacteria encoded enzymes all require ATP. NAD(+)-requiring DNA ligases have only been found in prokaryotic organisms. Recently, the crystal structures of a number of DNA ligases have been reported. It is the purpose of this review to summarise the current knowledge of the structure and catalytic mechanism of DNA ligases.
DNA连接酶是DNA修复、复制和重组所必需的酶。DNA连接酶催化双链DNA单链断裂处磷酸二酯键的形成。尽管DNA连接酶存在于所有生物体中，但它们在氨基酸序列、分子大小和性质方面表现出广泛的多样性。根据其辅因子特异性，这些酶可分为两组，一组需要NAD(+)来发挥活性，另一组需要ATP。真核生物、病毒和古细菌编码的酶都需要ATP。需要NAD(+)的DNA连接酶仅在原核生物中发现。最近，已经报道了多种DNA连接酶的晶体结构。本综述的目的是总结目前关于DNA连接酶结构和催化机制的知识。
